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Session.javaAPI DocHibernate 3.2.529166Tue May 08 21:00:06 BST 2007org.hibernate

Session

public interface Session implements Serializable
The main runtime interface between a Java application and Hibernate. This is the central API class abstracting the notion of a persistence service.

The lifecycle of a Session is bounded by the beginning and end of a logical transaction. (Long transactions might span several database transactions.)

The main function of the Session is to offer create, read and delete operations for instances of mapped entity classes. Instances may exist in one of three states:

transient: never persistent, not associated with any Session
persistent: associated with a unique Session
detached: previously persistent, not associated with any Session

Transient instances may be made persistent by calling save(), persist() or saveOrUpdate(). Persistent instances may be made transient by calling delete(). Any instance returned by a get() or load() method is persistent. Detached instances may be made persistent by calling update(), saveOrUpdate(), lock() or replicate(). The state of a transient or detached instance may also be made persistent as a new persistent instance by calling merge().

save() and persist() result in an SQL INSERT, delete() in an SQL DELETE and update() or merge() in an SQL UPDATE. Changes to persistent instances are detected at flush time and also result in an SQL UPDATE. saveOrUpdate() and replicate() result in either an INSERT or an UPDATE.

It is not intended that implementors be threadsafe. Instead each thread/transaction should obtain its own instance from a SessionFactory.

A Session instance is serializable if its persistent classes are serializable.

A typical transaction should use the following idiom:
Session sess = factory.openSession();
Transaction tx;
try {
tx = sess.beginTransaction();
//do some work
...
tx.commit();
}
catch (Exception e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
throw e;
}
finally {
sess.close();
}

If the Session throws an exception, the transaction must be rolled back and the session discarded. The internal state of the Session might not be consistent with the database after the exception occurs.
see
SessionFactory
author
Gavin King

Fields Summary
Constructors Summary
Methods Summary
public TransactionbeginTransaction()
Begin a unit of work and return the associated Transaction object. If a new underlying transaction is required, begin the transaction. Otherwise continue the new work in the context of the existing underlying transaction. The class of the returned Transaction object is determined by the property hibernate.transaction_factory.

return
a Transaction instance
throws
HibernateException
see
Transaction

public voidcancelQuery()
Cancel the execution of the current query.

This is the sole method on session which may be safely called from another thread.

throws
HibernateException There was a problem canceling the query

public voidclear()
Completely clear the session. Evict all loaded instances and cancel all pending saves, updates and deletions. Do not close open iterators or instances of ScrollableResults.

public java.sql.Connectionclose()
End the session by releasing the JDBC connection and cleaning up. It is not strictly necessary to close the session but you must at least {@link #disconnect()} it.

return
the connection provided by the application or null.
throws
HibernateException Indicates problems cleaning up.

public java.sql.Connectionconnection()
Get the JDBC connection of this Session.

If the session is using aggressive collection release (as in a CMT environment), it is the application's responsibility to close the connection returned by this call. Otherwise, the application should not close the connection.

return
the JDBC connection in use by the Session
throws
HibernateException if the Session is disconnected
deprecated
To be replaced with a SPI for performing work against the connection; scheduled for removal in 4.x

public booleancontains(java.lang.Object object)
Check if this instance is associated with this Session.

param
object an instance of a persistent class
return
true if the given instance is associated with this Session

public CriteriacreateCriteria(java.lang.Class persistentClass)
Create a new Criteria instance, for the given entity class, or a superclass of an entity class.

param
persistentClass a class, which is persistent, or has persistent subclasses
return
Criteria

public CriteriacreateCriteria(java.lang.Class persistentClass, java.lang.String alias)
Create a new Criteria instance, for the given entity class, or a superclass of an entity class, with the given alias.

param
persistentClass a class, which is persistent, or has persistent subclasses
return
Criteria

public CriteriacreateCriteria(java.lang.String entityName)
Create a new Criteria instance, for the given entity name.

param
entityName
return
Criteria

public CriteriacreateCriteria(java.lang.String entityName, java.lang.String alias)
Create a new Criteria instance, for the given entity name, with the given alias.

param
entityName
return
Criteria

public QuerycreateFilter(java.lang.Object collection, java.lang.String queryString)
Create a new instance of Query for the given collection and filter string.

param
collection a persistent collection
param
queryString a Hibernate query
return
Query
throws
HibernateException

public QuerycreateQuery(java.lang.String queryString)
Create a new instance of Query for the given HQL query string.

param
queryString a HQL query
return
Query
throws
HibernateException

public SQLQuerycreateSQLQuery(java.lang.String queryString)
Create a new instance of SQLQuery for the given SQL query string.

param
queryString a SQL query
return
SQLQuery
throws
HibernateException

public voiddelete(java.lang.Object object)
Remove a persistent instance from the datastore. The argument may be an instance associated with the receiving Session or a transient instance with an identifier associated with existing persistent state. This operation cascades to associated instances if the association is mapped with cascade="delete".

param
object the instance to be removed
throws
HibernateException

public voiddelete(java.lang.String entityName, java.lang.Object object)
Remove a persistent instance from the datastore. The object argument may be an instance associated with the receiving Session or a transient instance with an identifier associated with existing persistent state. This operation cascades to associated instances if the association is mapped with cascade="delete".

param
entityName The entity name for the instance to be removed.
param
object the instance to be removed
throws
HibernateException

public voiddisableFilter(java.lang.String filterName)
Disable the named filter for the current session.

param
filterName The name of the filter to be disabled.

public java.sql.Connectiondisconnect()
Disconnect the Session from the current JDBC connection. If the connection was obtained by Hibernate close it and return it to the connection pool; otherwise, return it to the application.

This is used by applications which supply JDBC connections to Hibernate and which require long-sessions (or long-conversations)

Note that disconnect() called on a session where the connection was retrieved by Hibernate through its configured {@link org.hibernate.connection.ConnectionProvider} has no effect, provided {@link ConnectionReleaseMode#ON_CLOSE} is not in effect.

return
the application-supplied connection or null
see
#reconnect(Connection)
see
#reconnect()

public FilterenableFilter(java.lang.String filterName)
Enable the named filter for this current session.

param
filterName The name of the filter to be enabled.
return
The Filter instance representing the enabled fiter.

public voidevict(java.lang.Object object)
Remove this instance from the session cache. Changes to the instance will not be synchronized with the database. This operation cascades to associated instances if the association is mapped with cascade="evict".

param
object a persistent instance
throws
HibernateException

public voidflush()
Force this session to flush. Must be called at the end of a unit of work, before commiting the transaction and closing the session (depending on {@link #setFlushMode flush-mode}, {@link Transaction#commit()} calls this method).

Flushing is the process of synchronizing the underlying persistent store with persistable state held in memory.

throws
HibernateException Indicates problems flushing the session or talking to the database.

public java.lang.Objectget(java.lang.Class clazz, java.io.Serializable id)
Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, or null if there is no such persistent instance. (If the instance, or a proxy for the instance, is already associated with the session, return that instance or proxy.)

param
clazz a persistent class
param
id an identifier
return
a persistent instance or null
throws
HibernateException

public java.lang.Objectget(java.lang.Class clazz, java.io.Serializable id, LockMode lockMode)
Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, or null if there is no such persistent instance. Obtain the specified lock mode if the instance exists.

param
clazz a persistent class
param
id an identifier
param
lockMode the lock mode
return
a persistent instance or null
throws
HibernateException

public java.lang.Objectget(java.lang.String entityName, java.io.Serializable id)
Return the persistent instance of the given named entity with the given identifier, or null if there is no such persistent instance. (If the instance, or a proxy for the instance, is already associated with the session, return that instance or proxy.)

param
entityName the entity name
param
id an identifier
return
a persistent instance or null
throws
HibernateException

public java.lang.Objectget(java.lang.String entityName, java.io.Serializable id, LockMode lockMode)
Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, or null if there is no such persistent instance. Obtain the specified lock mode if the instance exists.

param
entityName the entity name
param
id an identifier
param
lockMode the lock mode
return
a persistent instance or null
throws
HibernateException

public CacheModegetCacheMode()
Get the current cache mode.

return
The current cache mode.

public LockModegetCurrentLockMode(java.lang.Object object)
Determine the current lock mode of the given object.

param
object a persistent instance
return
the current lock mode
throws
HibernateException

public FiltergetEnabledFilter(java.lang.String filterName)
Retrieve a currently enabled filter by name.

param
filterName The name of the filter to be retrieved.
return
The Filter instance representing the enabled fiter.

public EntityModegetEntityMode()
Retrieve the entity mode in effect for this session.

return
The entity mode for this session.

public java.lang.StringgetEntityName(java.lang.Object object)
Return the entity name for a persistent entity

param
object a persistent entity
return
the entity name
throws
HibernateException

public FlushModegetFlushMode()
Get the current flush mode for this session.

return
The flush mode

public java.io.SerializablegetIdentifier(java.lang.Object object)
Return the identifier value of the given entity as associated with this session. An exception is thrown if the given entity instance is transient or detached in relation to this session.

param
object a persistent instance
return
the identifier
throws
TransientObjectException if the instance is transient or associated with a different session

public QuerygetNamedQuery(java.lang.String queryName)
Obtain an instance of Query for a named query string defined in the mapping file.

param
queryName the name of a query defined externally
return
Query
throws
HibernateException

public org.hibernate.SessiongetSession(EntityMode entityMode)
Starts a new Session with the given entity mode in effect. This secondary Session inherits the connection, transaction, and other context information from the primary Session. It doesn't need to be flushed or closed by the developer.

param
entityMode The entity mode to use for the new session.
return
The new session

public SessionFactorygetSessionFactory()
Get the session factory which created this session.

return
The session factory.
see
SessionFactory

public org.hibernate.stat.SessionStatisticsgetStatistics()
Get the statistics for this session.

public TransactiongetTransaction()
Get the Transaction instance associated with this session. The class of the returned Transaction object is determined by the property hibernate.transaction_factory.

return
a Transaction instance
throws
HibernateException
see
Transaction

public booleanisConnected()
Check if the session is currently connected.

return
boolean

public booleanisDirty()
Does this session contain any changes which must be synchronized with the database? In other words, would any DML operations be executed if we flushed this session?

return
True if the session contains pending changes; false otherwise.
throws
HibernateException could not perform dirtying checking

public booleanisOpen()
Check if the session is still open.

return
boolean

public java.lang.Objectload(java.lang.Class theClass, java.io.Serializable id, LockMode lockMode)
Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, obtaining the specified lock mode, assuming the instance exists.

param
theClass a persistent class
param
id a valid identifier of an existing persistent instance of the class
param
lockMode the lock level
return
the persistent instance or proxy
throws
HibernateException

public java.lang.Objectload(java.lang.String entityName, java.io.Serializable id, LockMode lockMode)
Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, obtaining the specified lock mode, assuming the instance exists.

param
entityName a persistent class
param
id a valid identifier of an existing persistent instance of the class
param
lockMode the lock level
return
the persistent instance or proxy
throws
HibernateException

public java.lang.Objectload(java.lang.Class theClass, java.io.Serializable id)
Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, assuming that the instance exists.

You should not use this method to determine if an instance exists (use get() instead). Use this only to retrieve an instance that you assume exists, where non-existence would be an actual error.

param
theClass a persistent class
param
id a valid identifier of an existing persistent instance of the class
return
the persistent instance or proxy
throws
HibernateException

public java.lang.Objectload(java.lang.String entityName, java.io.Serializable id)
Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, assuming that the instance exists.

You should not use this method to determine if an instance exists (use get() instead). Use this only to retrieve an instance that you assume exists, where non-existence would be an actual error.

param
entityName a persistent class
param
id a valid identifier of an existing persistent instance of the class
return
the persistent instance or proxy
throws
HibernateException

public voidload(java.lang.Object object, java.io.Serializable id)
Read the persistent state associated with the given identifier into the given transient instance.

param
object an "empty" instance of the persistent class
param
id a valid identifier of an existing persistent instance of the class
throws
HibernateException

public voidlock(java.lang.Object object, LockMode lockMode)
Obtain the specified lock level upon the given object. This may be used to perform a version check (LockMode.READ), to upgrade to a pessimistic lock (LockMode.UPGRADE), or to simply reassociate a transient instance with a session (LockMode.NONE). This operation cascades to associated instances if the association is mapped with cascade="lock".

param
object a persistent or transient instance
param
lockMode the lock level
throws
HibernateException

public voidlock(java.lang.String entityName, java.lang.Object object, LockMode lockMode)
Obtain the specified lock level upon the given object. This may be used to perform a version check (LockMode.READ), to upgrade to a pessimistic lock (LockMode.UPGRADE), or to simply reassociate a transient instance with a session (LockMode.NONE). This operation cascades to associated instances if the association is mapped with cascade="lock".

param
object a persistent or transient instance
param
lockMode the lock level
throws
HibernateException

public java.lang.Objectmerge(java.lang.Object object)
Copy the state of the given object onto the persistent object with the same identifier. If there is no persistent instance currently associated with the session, it will be loaded. Return the persistent instance. If the given instance is unsaved, save a copy of and return it as a newly persistent instance. The given instance does not become associated with the session. This operation cascades to associated instances if the association is mapped with cascade="merge".

The semantics of this method are defined by JSR-220.

param
object a detached instance with state to be copied
return
an updated persistent instance

public java.lang.Objectmerge(java.lang.String entityName, java.lang.Object object)
Copy the state of the given object onto the persistent object with the same identifier. If there is no persistent instance currently associated with the session, it will be loaded. Return the persistent instance. If the given instance is unsaved, save a copy of and return it as a newly persistent instance. The given instance does not become associated with the session. This operation cascades to associated instances if the association is mapped with cascade="merge".

The semantics of this method are defined by JSR-220.

param
object a detached instance with state to be copied
return
an updated persistent instance

public voidpersist(java.lang.Object object)
Make a transient instance persistent. This operation cascades to associated instances if the association is mapped with cascade="persist".

The semantics of this method are defined by JSR-220.

param
object a transient instance to be made persistent

public voidpersist(java.lang.String entityName, java.lang.Object object)
Make a transient instance persistent. This operation cascades to associated instances if the association is mapped with cascade="persist".

The semantics of this method are defined by JSR-220.

param
object a transient instance to be made persistent

public voidreconnect()
Obtain a new JDBC connection. This is used by applications which require long transactions and do not supply connections to the session.

see
#disconnect()
deprecated
Manual reconnection is only needed in the case of application-supplied connections, in which case the {@link #reconnect(java.sql.Connection)} for should be used.

public voidreconnect(java.sql.Connection connection)
Reconnect to the given JDBC connection. This is used by applications which require long transactions and use application-supplied connections.

param
connection a JDBC connection
see
#disconnect()

public voidrefresh(java.lang.Object object)
Re-read the state of the given instance from the underlying database. It is inadvisable to use this to implement long-running sessions that span many business tasks. This method is, however, useful in certain special circumstances. For example
  • where a database trigger alters the object state upon insert or update
  • after executing direct SQL (eg. a mass update) in the same session
  • after inserting a Blob or Clob

param
object a persistent or detached instance
throws
HibernateException

public voidrefresh(java.lang.Object object, LockMode lockMode)
Re-read the state of the given instance from the underlying database, with the given LockMode. It is inadvisable to use this to implement long-running sessions that span many business tasks. This method is, however, useful in certain special circumstances.

param
object a persistent or detached instance
param
lockMode the lock mode to use
throws
HibernateException

public voidreplicate(java.lang.Object object, ReplicationMode replicationMode)
Persist the state of the given detached instance, reusing the current identifier value. This operation cascades to associated instances if the association is mapped with cascade="replicate".

param
object a detached instance of a persistent class

public voidreplicate(java.lang.String entityName, java.lang.Object object, ReplicationMode replicationMode)
Persist the state of the given detached instance, reusing the current identifier value. This operation cascades to associated instances if the association is mapped with cascade="replicate".

param
object a detached instance of a persistent class

public java.io.Serializablesave(java.lang.Object object)
Persist the given transient instance, first assigning a generated identifier. (Or using the current value of the identifier property if the assigned generator is used.) This operation cascades to associated instances if the association is mapped with cascade="save-update".

param
object a transient instance of a persistent class
return
the generated identifier
throws
HibernateException

public java.io.Serializablesave(java.lang.String entityName, java.lang.Object object)
Persist the given transient instance, first assigning a generated identifier. (Or using the current value of the identifier property if the assigned generator is used.) This operation cascades to associated instances if the association is mapped with cascade="save-update".

param
object a transient instance of a persistent class
return
the generated identifier
throws
HibernateException

public voidsaveOrUpdate(java.lang.Object object)
Either {@link #save(Object)} or {@link #update(Object)} the given instance, depending upon resolution of the unsaved-value checks (see the manual for discussion of unsaved-value checking).

This operation cascades to associated instances if the association is mapped with cascade="save-update".

see
Session#save(Object)
see
Session#update(Object)
param
object a transient or detached instance containing new or updated state
throws
HibernateException

public voidsaveOrUpdate(java.lang.String entityName, java.lang.Object object)
Either {@link #save(String, Object)} or {@link #update(String, Object)} the given instance, depending upon resolution of the unsaved-value checks (see the manual for discussion of unsaved-value checking).

This operation cascades to associated instances if the association is mapped with cascade="save-update".

see
Session#save(String,Object)
see
Session#update(String,Object)
param
entityName The name of the entity
param
object a transient or detached instance containing new or updated state
throws
HibernateException

public voidsetCacheMode(CacheMode cacheMode)
Set the cache mode.

Cache mode determines the manner in which this session can interact with the second level cache.

param
cacheMode The new cache mode.

public voidsetFlushMode(FlushMode flushMode)
Set the flush mode for this session.

The flush mode determines the points at which the session is flushed. Flushing is the process of synchronizing the underlying persistent store with persistable state held in memory.

For a logically "read only" session, it is reasonable to set the session's flush mode to {@link FlushMode#MANUAL} at the start of the session (in order to achieve some extra performance).

param
flushMode the new flush mode
see
FlushMode

public voidsetReadOnly(java.lang.Object entity, boolean readOnly)
Set an unmodified persistent object to read only mode, or a read only object to modifiable mode. In read only mode, no snapshot is maintained and the instance is never dirty checked.

see
Query#setReadOnly(boolean)

public voidupdate(java.lang.Object object)
Update the persistent instance with the identifier of the given detached instance. If there is a persistent instance with the same identifier, an exception is thrown. This operation cascades to associated instances if the association is mapped with cascade="save-update".

param
object a detached instance containing updated state
throws
HibernateException

public voidupdate(java.lang.String entityName, java.lang.Object object)
Update the persistent instance with the identifier of the given detached instance. If there is a persistent instance with the same identifier, an exception is thrown. This operation cascades to associated instances if the association is mapped with cascade="save-update".

param
object a detached instance containing updated state
throws
HibernateException