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PriorityBlockingQueue.javaAPI DocJava SE 6 API19584Tue Jun 10 00:25:56 BST 2008java.util.concurrent

PriorityBlockingQueue

public class PriorityBlockingQueue extends AbstractQueue implements BlockingQueue, Serializable
An unbounded {@linkplain BlockingQueue blocking queue} that uses the same ordering rules as class {@link PriorityQueue} and supplies blocking retrieval operations. While this queue is logically unbounded, attempted additions may fail due to resource exhaustion (causing OutOfMemoryError). This class does not permit null elements. A priority queue relying on {@linkplain Comparable natural ordering} also does not permit insertion of non-comparable objects (doing so results in ClassCastException).

This class and its iterator implement all of the optional methods of the {@link Collection} and {@link Iterator} interfaces. The Iterator provided in method {@link #iterator()} is not guaranteed to traverse the elements of the PriorityBlockingQueue in any particular order. If you need ordered traversal, consider using Arrays.sort(pq.toArray()). Also, method drainTo can be used to remove some or all elements in priority order and place them in another collection.

Operations on this class make no guarantees about the ordering of elements with equal priority. If you need to enforce an ordering, you can define custom classes or comparators that use a secondary key to break ties in primary priority values. For example, here is a class that applies first-in-first-out tie-breaking to comparable elements. To use it, you would insert a new FIFOEntry(anEntry) instead of a plain entry object.

class FIFOEntry<E extends Comparable<? super E>>
implements Comparable<FIFOEntry<E>> {
final static AtomicLong seq = new AtomicLong();
final long seqNum;
final E entry;
public FIFOEntry(E entry) {
seqNum = seq.getAndIncrement();
this.entry = entry;
}
public E getEntry() { return entry; }
public int compareTo(FIFOEntry<E> other) {
int res = entry.compareTo(other.entry);
if (res == 0 && other.entry != this.entry)
res = (seqNum < other.seqNum ? -1 : 1);
return res;
}
}

This class is a member of the Java Collections Framework.

since
1.5
author
Doug Lea
param
the type of elements held in this collection

Fields Summary
private static final long
serialVersionUID
private final PriorityQueue
q
private final ReentrantLock
lock
private final Condition
notEmpty
Constructors Summary
public PriorityBlockingQueue()
Creates a PriorityBlockingQueue with the default initial capacity (11) that orders its elements according to their {@linkplain Comparable natural ordering}.


                             
      
        q = new PriorityQueue<E>();
    
public PriorityBlockingQueue(int initialCapacity)
Creates a PriorityBlockingQueue with the specified initial capacity that orders its elements according to their {@linkplain Comparable natural ordering}.

param
initialCapacity the initial capacity for this priority queue
throws
IllegalArgumentException if initialCapacity is less than 1

        q = new PriorityQueue<E>(initialCapacity, null);
    
public PriorityBlockingQueue(int initialCapacity, Comparator comparator)
Creates a PriorityBlockingQueue with the specified initial capacity that orders its elements according to the specified comparator.

param
initialCapacity the initial capacity for this priority queue
param
comparator the comparator that will be used to order this priority queue. If {@code null}, the {@linkplain Comparable natural ordering} of the elements will be used.
throws
IllegalArgumentException if initialCapacity is less than 1

        q = new PriorityQueue<E>(initialCapacity, comparator);
    
public PriorityBlockingQueue(Collection c)
Creates a PriorityBlockingQueue containing the elements in the specified collection. If the specified collection is a {@link SortedSet} or a {@link PriorityQueue}, this priority queue will be ordered according to the same ordering. Otherwise, this priority queue will be ordered according to the {@linkplain Comparable natural ordering} of its elements.

param
c the collection whose elements are to be placed into this priority queue
throws
ClassCastException if elements of the specified collection cannot be compared to one another according to the priority queue's ordering
throws
NullPointerException if the specified collection or any of its elements are null

        q = new PriorityQueue<E>(c);
    
Methods Summary
public booleanadd(E e)
Inserts the specified element into this priority queue.

param
e the element to add
return
true (as specified by {@link Collection#add})
throws
ClassCastException if the specified element cannot be compared with elements currently in the priority queue according to the priority queue's ordering
throws
NullPointerException if the specified element is null

        return offer(e);
    
public voidclear()
Atomically removes all of the elements from this queue. The queue will be empty after this call returns.

        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            q.clear();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    
public java.util.Comparatorcomparator()
Returns the comparator used to order the elements in this queue, or null if this queue uses the {@linkplain Comparable natural ordering} of its elements.

return
the comparator used to order the elements in this queue, or null if this queue uses the natural ordering of its elements

        return q.comparator();
    
public booleancontains(java.lang.Object o)
Returns {@code true} if this queue contains the specified element. More formally, returns {@code true} if and only if this queue contains at least one element {@code e} such that {@code o.equals(e)}.

param
o object to be checked for containment in this queue
return
true if this queue contains the specified element

        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            return q.contains(o);
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    
public intdrainTo(java.util.Collection c)

throws
UnsupportedOperationException {@inheritDoc}
throws
ClassCastException {@inheritDoc}
throws
NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
throws
IllegalArgumentException {@inheritDoc}

        if (c == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        if (c == this)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            int n = 0;
            E e;
            while ( (e = q.poll()) != null) {
                c.add(e);
                ++n;
            }
            return n;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    
public intdrainTo(java.util.Collection c, int maxElements)

throws
UnsupportedOperationException {@inheritDoc}
throws
ClassCastException {@inheritDoc}
throws
NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
throws
IllegalArgumentException {@inheritDoc}

        if (c == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        if (c == this)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        if (maxElements <= 0)
            return 0;
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            int n = 0;
            E e;
            while (n < maxElements && (e = q.poll()) != null) {
                c.add(e);
                ++n;
            }
            return n;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    
public java.util.Iteratoriterator()
Returns an iterator over the elements in this queue. The iterator does not return the elements in any particular order. The returned Iterator is a "weakly consistent" iterator that will never throw {@link ConcurrentModificationException}, and guarantees to traverse elements as they existed upon construction of the iterator, and may (but is not guaranteed to) reflect any modifications subsequent to construction.

return
an iterator over the elements in this queue

        return new Itr(toArray());
    
public booleanoffer(E e)
Inserts the specified element into this priority queue.

param
e the element to add
return
true (as specified by {@link Queue#offer})
throws
ClassCastException if the specified element cannot be compared with elements currently in the priority queue according to the priority queue's ordering
throws
NullPointerException if the specified element is null

        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            boolean ok = q.offer(e);
            assert ok;
            notEmpty.signal();
            return true;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    
public booleanoffer(E e, long timeout, java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit unit)
Inserts the specified element into this priority queue. As the queue is unbounded this method will never block.

param
e the element to add
param
timeout This parameter is ignored as the method never blocks
param
unit This parameter is ignored as the method never blocks
return
true
throws
ClassCastException if the specified element cannot be compared with elements currently in the priority queue according to the priority queue's ordering
throws
NullPointerException if the specified element is null

        return offer(e); // never need to block
    
public Epeek()

        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            return q.peek();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    
public Epoll(long timeout, java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit unit)

        long nanos = unit.toNanos(timeout);
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lockInterruptibly();
        try {
            for (;;) {
                E x = q.poll();
                if (x != null)
                    return x;
                if (nanos <= 0)
                    return null;
                try {
                    nanos = notEmpty.awaitNanos(nanos);
                } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
                    notEmpty.signal(); // propagate to non-interrupted thread
                    throw ie;
                }
            }
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    
public Epoll()

        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            return q.poll();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    
public voidput(E e)
Inserts the specified element into this priority queue. As the queue is unbounded this method will never block.

param
e the element to add
throws
ClassCastException if the specified element cannot be compared with elements currently in the priority queue according to the priority queue's ordering
throws
NullPointerException if the specified element is null

        offer(e); // never need to block
    
public intremainingCapacity()
Always returns Integer.MAX_VALUE because a PriorityBlockingQueue is not capacity constrained.

return
Integer.MAX_VALUE

        return Integer.MAX_VALUE;
    
public booleanremove(java.lang.Object o)
Removes a single instance of the specified element from this queue, if it is present. More formally, removes an element {@code e} such that {@code o.equals(e)}, if this queue contains one or more such elements. Returns {@code true} if and only if this queue contained the specified element (or equivalently, if this queue changed as a result of the call).

param
o element to be removed from this queue, if present
return
true if this queue changed as a result of the call

        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            return q.remove(o);
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    
public intsize()

        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            return q.size();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    
public Etake()

        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lockInterruptibly();
        try {
            try {
                while (q.size() == 0)
                    notEmpty.await();
            } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
                notEmpty.signal(); // propagate to non-interrupted thread
                throw ie;
            }
            E x = q.poll();
            assert x != null;
            return x;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    
public java.lang.Object[]toArray()
Returns an array containing all of the elements in this queue. The returned array elements are in no particular order.

The returned array will be "safe" in that no references to it are maintained by this queue. (In other words, this method must allocate a new array). The caller is thus free to modify the returned array.

This method acts as bridge between array-based and collection-based APIs.

return
an array containing all of the elements in this queue

        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            return q.toArray();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    
public T[]toArray(T[] a)
Returns an array containing all of the elements in this queue; the runtime type of the returned array is that of the specified array. The returned array elements are in no particular order. If the queue fits in the specified array, it is returned therein. Otherwise, a new array is allocated with the runtime type of the specified array and the size of this queue.

If this queue fits in the specified array with room to spare (i.e., the array has more elements than this queue), the element in the array immediately following the end of the queue is set to null.

Like the {@link #toArray()} method, this method acts as bridge between array-based and collection-based APIs. Further, this method allows precise control over the runtime type of the output array, and may, under certain circumstances, be used to save allocation costs.

Suppose x is a queue known to contain only strings. The following code can be used to dump the queue into a newly allocated array of String:

String[] y = x.toArray(new String[0]);
Note that toArray(new Object[0]) is identical in function to toArray().

param
a the array into which the elements of the queue are to be stored, if it is big enough; otherwise, a new array of the same runtime type is allocated for this purpose
return
an array containing all of the elements in this queue
throws
ArrayStoreException if the runtime type of the specified array is not a supertype of the runtime type of every element in this queue
throws
NullPointerException if the specified array is null

        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            return q.toArray(a);
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    
public java.lang.StringtoString()

        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            return q.toString();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    
private voidwriteObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
Saves the state to a stream (that is, serializes it). This merely wraps default serialization within lock. The serialization strategy for items is left to underlying Queue. Note that locking is not needed on deserialization, so readObject is not defined, just relying on default.

        lock.lock();
        try {
            s.defaultWriteObject();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }