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Tag.javaAPI DocAndroid 5.1 API18708Thu Mar 12 22:22:10 GMT 2015android.nfc

Tag

public final class Tag extends Object implements android.os.Parcelable
Represents an NFC tag that has been discovered.

{@link Tag} is an immutable object that represents the state of a NFC tag at the time of discovery. It can be used as a handle to {@link TagTechnology} classes to perform advanced operations, or directly queried for its ID via {@link #getId} and the set of technologies it contains via {@link #getTechList}. Arrays passed to and returned by this class are not cloned, so be careful not to modify them.

A new tag object is created every time a tag is discovered (comes into range), even if it is the same physical tag. If a tag is removed and then returned into range, then only the most recent tag object can be successfully used to create a {@link TagTechnology}.

Tag Dispatch

When a tag is discovered, a {@link Tag} object is created and passed to a single activity via the {@link NfcAdapter#EXTRA_TAG} extra in an {@link android.content.Intent} via {@link Context#startActivity}. A four stage dispatch is used to select the most appropriate activity to handle the tag. The Android OS executes each stage in order, and completes dispatch as soon as a single matching activity is found. If there are multiple matching activities found at any one stage then the Android activity chooser dialog is shown to allow the user to select the activity to receive the tag.

The Tag dispatch mechanism was designed to give a high probability of dispatching a tag to the correct activity without showing the user an activity chooser dialog. This is important for NFC interactions because they are very transient -- if a user has to move the Android device to choose an application then the connection will likely be broken.

1. Foreground activity dispatch

A foreground activity that has called {@link NfcAdapter#enableForegroundDispatch NfcAdapter.enableForegroundDispatch()} is given priority. See the documentation on {@link NfcAdapter#enableForegroundDispatch NfcAdapter.enableForegroundDispatch()} for its usage.

2. NDEF data dispatch

If the tag contains NDEF data the system inspects the first {@link NdefRecord} in the first {@link NdefMessage}. If the record is a URI, SmartPoster, or MIME data {@link Context#startActivity} is called with {@link NfcAdapter#ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED}. For URI and SmartPoster records the URI is put into the intent's data field. For MIME records the MIME type is put in the intent's type field. This allows activities to register to be launched only when data they know how to handle is present on a tag. This is the preferred method of handling data on a tag since NDEF data can be stored on many types of tags and doesn't depend on a specific tag technology. See {@link NfcAdapter#ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED} for more detail. If the tag does not contain NDEF data, or if no activity is registered for {@link NfcAdapter#ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED} with a matching data URI or MIME type then dispatch moves to stage 3.

3. Tag Technology dispatch

{@link Context#startActivity} is called with {@link NfcAdapter#ACTION_TECH_DISCOVERED} to dispatch the tag to an activity that can handle the technologies present on the tag. Technologies are defined as sub-classes of {@link TagTechnology}, see the package {@link android.nfc.tech}. The Android OS looks for an activity that can handle one or more technologies in the tag. See {@link NfcAdapter#ACTION_TECH_DISCOVERED} for more detail.

4. Fall-back dispatch

If no activity has been matched then {@link Context#startActivity} is called with {@link NfcAdapter#ACTION_TAG_DISCOVERED}. This is intended as a fall-back mechanism. See {@link NfcAdapter#ACTION_TAG_DISCOVERED}.

NFC Tag Background

An NFC tag is a passive NFC device, powered by the NFC field of this Android device while it is in range. Tag's can come in many forms, such as stickers, cards, key fobs, or even embedded in a more sophisticated device.

Tags can have a wide range of capabilities. Simple tags just offer read/write semantics, and contain some one time programmable areas to make read-only. More complex tags offer math operations and per-sector access control and authentication. The most sophisticated tags contain operating environments allowing complex interactions with the code executing on the tag. Use {@link TagTechnology} classes to access a broad range of capabilities available in NFC tags.

Fields Summary
final byte[]
mId
final int[]
mTechList
final String[]
mTechStringList
final android.os.Bundle[]
mTechExtras
final int
mServiceHandle
final INfcTag
mTagService
int
mConnectedTechnology
public static final Parcelable.Creator
CREATOR
Constructors Summary
public Tag(byte[] id, int[] techList, android.os.Bundle[] techListExtras, int serviceHandle, INfcTag tagService)
Hidden constructor to be used by NFC service and internal classes.

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        if (techList == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("rawTargets cannot be null");
        }
        mId = id;
        mTechList = Arrays.copyOf(techList, techList.length);
        mTechStringList = generateTechStringList(techList);
        // Ensure mTechExtras is as long as mTechList
        mTechExtras = Arrays.copyOf(techListExtras, techList.length);
        mServiceHandle = serviceHandle;
        mTagService = tagService;

        mConnectedTechnology = -1;
    
Methods Summary
public static android.nfc.TagcreateMockTag(byte[] id, int[] techList, android.os.Bundle[] techListExtras)
Construct a mock Tag.

This is an application constructed tag, so NfcAdapter methods on this Tag may fail with {@link IllegalArgumentException} since it does not represent a physical Tag.

This constructor might be useful for mock testing.

param
id The tag identifier, can be null
param
techList must not be null
return
freshly constructed tag
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        // set serviceHandle to 0 and tagService to null to indicate mock tag
        return new Tag(id, techList, techListExtras, 0, null);
    
public intdescribeContents()

        return 0;
    
private java.lang.String[]generateTechStringList(int[] techList)

        final int size = techList.length;
        String[] strings = new String[size];
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            switch (techList[i]) {
                case TagTechnology.ISO_DEP:
                    strings[i] = IsoDep.class.getName();
                    break;
                case TagTechnology.MIFARE_CLASSIC:
                    strings[i] = MifareClassic.class.getName();
                    break;
                case TagTechnology.MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT:
                    strings[i] = MifareUltralight.class.getName();
                    break;
                case TagTechnology.NDEF:
                    strings[i] = Ndef.class.getName();
                    break;
                case TagTechnology.NDEF_FORMATABLE:
                    strings[i] = NdefFormatable.class.getName();
                    break;
                case TagTechnology.NFC_A:
                    strings[i] = NfcA.class.getName();
                    break;
                case TagTechnology.NFC_B:
                    strings[i] = NfcB.class.getName();
                    break;
                case TagTechnology.NFC_F:
                    strings[i] = NfcF.class.getName();
                    break;
                case TagTechnology.NFC_V:
                    strings[i] = NfcV.class.getName();
                    break;
                case TagTechnology.NFC_BARCODE:
                    strings[i] = NfcBarcode.class.getName();
                    break;
                default:
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown tech type " + techList[i]);
            }
        }
        return strings;
    
public intgetConnectedTechnology()
For internal use only.

hide

        return mConnectedTechnology;
    
public byte[]getId()
Get the Tag Identifier (if it has one).

The tag identifier is a low level serial number, used for anti-collision and identification.

Most tags have a stable unique identifier (UID), but some tags will generate a random ID every time they are discovered (RID), and there are some tags with no ID at all (the byte array will be zero-sized).

The size and format of an ID is specific to the RF technology used by the tag.

This function retrieves the ID as determined at discovery time, and does not perform any further RF communication or block.

return
ID as byte array, never null

        return mId;
    
public intgetServiceHandle()
For use by NfcService only.

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        return mServiceHandle;
    
public INfcTaggetTagService()

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        return mTagService;
    
public int[]getTechCodeList()
For use by NfcService only.

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        return mTechList;
    
static int[]getTechCodesFromStrings(java.lang.String[] techStringList)

        if (techStringList == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("List cannot be null");
        }
        int[] techIntList = new int[techStringList.length];
        HashMap<String, Integer> stringToCodeMap = getTechStringToCodeMap();
        for (int i = 0; i < techStringList.length; i++) {
            Integer code = stringToCodeMap.get(techStringList[i]);

            if (code == null) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown tech type " + techStringList[i]);
            }

            techIntList[i] = code.intValue();
        }
        return techIntList;
    
public android.os.BundlegetTechExtras(int tech)

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        int pos = -1;
        for (int idx = 0; idx < mTechList.length; idx++) {
          if (mTechList[idx] == tech) {
              pos = idx;
              break;
          }
        }
        if (pos < 0) {
            return null;
        }

        return mTechExtras[pos];
    
public java.lang.String[]getTechList()
Get the technologies available in this tag, as fully qualified class names.

A technology is an implementation of the {@link TagTechnology} interface, and can be instantiated by calling the static get(Tag) method on the implementation with this Tag. The {@link TagTechnology} object can then be used to perform advanced, technology-specific operations on a tag.

Android defines a mandatory set of technologies that must be correctly enumerated by all Android NFC devices, and an optional set of proprietary technologies. See {@link TagTechnology} for more details.

The ordering of the returned array is undefined and should not be relied upon.

return
an array of fully-qualified {@link TagTechnology} class-names.

        return mTechStringList;
    
private static java.util.HashMapgetTechStringToCodeMap()

        HashMap<String, Integer> techStringToCodeMap = new HashMap<String, Integer>();

        techStringToCodeMap.put(IsoDep.class.getName(), TagTechnology.ISO_DEP);
        techStringToCodeMap.put(MifareClassic.class.getName(), TagTechnology.MIFARE_CLASSIC);
        techStringToCodeMap.put(MifareUltralight.class.getName(), TagTechnology.MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT);
        techStringToCodeMap.put(Ndef.class.getName(), TagTechnology.NDEF);
        techStringToCodeMap.put(NdefFormatable.class.getName(), TagTechnology.NDEF_FORMATABLE);
        techStringToCodeMap.put(NfcA.class.getName(), TagTechnology.NFC_A);
        techStringToCodeMap.put(NfcB.class.getName(), TagTechnology.NFC_B);
        techStringToCodeMap.put(NfcF.class.getName(), TagTechnology.NFC_F);
        techStringToCodeMap.put(NfcV.class.getName(), TagTechnology.NFC_V);
        techStringToCodeMap.put(NfcBarcode.class.getName(), TagTechnology.NFC_BARCODE);

        return techStringToCodeMap;
    
public booleanhasTech(int techType)

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        for (int tech : mTechList) {
            if (tech == techType) return true;
        }
        return false;
    
static byte[]readBytesWithNull(android.os.Parcel in)

        int len = in.readInt();
        byte[] result = null;
        if (len >= 0) {
            result = new byte[len];
            in.readByteArray(result);
        }
        return result;
    
public android.nfc.Tagrediscover()
Rediscover the technologies available on this tag.

The technologies that are available on a tag may change due to operations being performed on a tag. For example, formatting a tag as NDEF adds the {@link Ndef} technology. The {@link rediscover} method reenumerates the available technologies on the tag and returns a new {@link Tag} object containing these technologies.

You may not be connected to any of this {@link Tag}'s technologies when calling this method. This method guarantees that you will be returned the same Tag if it is still in the field.

May cause RF activity and may block. Must not be called from the main application thread. A blocked call will be canceled with {@link IOException} by calling {@link #close} from another thread.

Does not remove power from the RF field, so a tag having a random ID should not change its ID.

return
the rediscovered tag object.
throws
IOException if the tag cannot be rediscovered
hide

        if (getConnectedTechnology() != -1) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Close connection to the technology first!");
        }

        if (mTagService == null) {
            throw new IOException("Mock tags don't support this operation.");
        }
        try {
            Tag newTag = mTagService.rediscover(getServiceHandle());
            if (newTag != null) {
                return newTag;
            } else {
                throw new IOException("Failed to rediscover tag");
            }
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            throw new IOException("NFC service dead");
        }
    
public synchronized voidsetConnectedTechnology(int technology)
For internal use only.

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        if (mConnectedTechnology == -1) {
            mConnectedTechnology = technology;
        } else {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Close other technology first!");
        }
    
public voidsetTechnologyDisconnected()
For internal use only.

hide

        mConnectedTechnology = -1;
    
public java.lang.StringtoString()
Human-readable description of the tag, for debugging.

        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("TAG: Tech [");
        String[] techList = getTechList();
        int length = techList.length;
        for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
            sb.append(techList[i]);
            if (i < length - 1) {
                sb.append(", ");
            }
        }
        sb.append("]");
        return sb.toString();
    
static voidwriteBytesWithNull(android.os.Parcel out, byte[] b)

        if (b == null) {
            out.writeInt(-1);
            return;
        }
        out.writeInt(b.length);
        out.writeByteArray(b);
    
public voidwriteToParcel(android.os.Parcel dest, int flags)

        // Null mTagService means this is a mock tag
        int isMock = (mTagService == null)?1:0;

        writeBytesWithNull(dest, mId);
        dest.writeInt(mTechList.length);
        dest.writeIntArray(mTechList);
        dest.writeTypedArray(mTechExtras, 0);
        dest.writeInt(mServiceHandle);
        dest.writeInt(isMock);
        if (isMock == 0) {
            dest.writeStrongBinder(mTagService.asBinder());
        }