FileDocCategorySizeDatePackage
LogManager.javaAPI DocJava SE 6 API37006Tue Jun 10 00:25:58 BST 2008java.util.logging

LogManager

public class LogManager extends Object
There is a single global LogManager object that is used to maintain a set of shared state about Loggers and log services.

This LogManager object:

  • Manages a hierarchical namespace of Logger objects. All named Loggers are stored in this namespace.
  • Manages a set of logging control properties. These are simple key-value pairs that can be used by Handlers and other logging objects to configure themselves.

The global LogManager object can be retrieved using LogManager.getLogManager(). The LogManager object is created during class initialization and cannot subsequently be changed.

At startup the LogManager class is located using the java.util.logging.manager system property.

By default, the LogManager reads its initial configuration from a properties file "lib/logging.properties" in the JRE directory. If you edit that property file you can change the default logging configuration for all uses of that JRE.

In addition, the LogManager uses two optional system properties that allow more control over reading the initial configuration:

  • "java.util.logging.config.class"
  • "java.util.logging.config.file"
These two properties may be set via the Preferences API, or as command line property definitions to the "java" command, or as system property definitions passed to JNI_CreateJavaVM.

If the "java.util.logging.config.class" property is set, then the property value is treated as a class name. The given class will be loaded, an object will be instantiated, and that object's constructor is responsible for reading in the initial configuration. (That object may use other system properties to control its configuration.) The alternate configuration class can use readConfiguration(InputStream) to define properties in the LogManager.

If "java.util.logging.config.class" property is not set, then the "java.util.logging.config.file" system property can be used to specify a properties file (in java.util.Properties format). The initial logging configuration will be read from this file.

If neither of these properties is defined then, as described above, the LogManager will read its initial configuration from a properties file "lib/logging.properties" in the JRE directory.

The properties for loggers and Handlers will have names starting with the dot-separated name for the handler or logger.

The global logging properties may include:

  • A property "handlers". This defines a whitespace or comma separated list of class names for handler classes to load and register as handlers on the root Logger (the Logger named ""). Each class name must be for a Handler class which has a default constructor. Note that these Handlers may be created lazily, when they are first used.
  • A property "<logger>.handlers". This defines a whitespace or comma separated list of class names for handlers classes to load and register as handlers to the specified logger. Each class name must be for a Handler class which has a default constructor. Note that these Handlers may be created lazily, when they are first used.
  • A property "<logger>.useParentHandlers". This defines a boolean value. By default every logger calls its parent in addition to handling the logging message itself, this often result in messages being handled by the root logger as well. When setting this property to false a Handler needs to be configured for this logger otherwise no logging messages are delivered.
  • A property "config". This property is intended to allow arbitrary configuration code to be run. The property defines a whitespace or comma separated list of class names. A new instance will be created for each named class. The default constructor of each class may execute arbitrary code to update the logging configuration, such as setting logger levels, adding handlers, adding filters, etc.

Note that all classes loaded during LogManager configuration are first searched on the system class path before any user class path. That includes the LogManager class, any config classes, and any handler classes.

Loggers are organized into a naming hierarchy based on their dot separated names. Thus "a.b.c" is a child of "a.b", but "a.b1" and a.b2" are peers.

All properties whose names end with ".level" are assumed to define log levels for Loggers. Thus "foo.level" defines a log level for the logger called "foo" and (recursively) for any of its children in the naming hierarchy. Log Levels are applied in the order they are defined in the properties file. Thus level settings for child nodes in the tree should come after settings for their parents. The property name ".level" can be used to set the level for the root of the tree.

All methods on the LogManager object are multi-thread safe.

version
1.52, 03/13/07
since
1.4

Fields Summary
private static LogManager
manager
private static final Handler[]
emptyHandlers
private Properties
props
private PropertyChangeSupport
changes
private static final Level
defaultLevel
private Hashtable
loggers
private LogNode
root
private Logger
rootLogger
private volatile boolean
readPrimordialConfiguration
private boolean
initializedGlobalHandlers
private boolean
deathImminent
private Permission
ourPermission
private static LoggingMXBean
loggingMXBean
public static final String
LOGGING_MXBEAN_NAME
String representation of the {@link javax.management.ObjectName} for {@link LoggingMXBean}.
Constructors Summary
protected LogManager()
Protected constructor. This is protected so that container applications (such as J2EE containers) can subclass the object. It is non-public as it is intended that there only be one LogManager object, whose value is retrieved by calling Logmanager.getLogManager.

	// Add a shutdown hook to close the global handlers.
        try {
	    Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Cleaner());
        } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
            // If the VM is already shutting down,
            // We do not need to register shutdownHook. 
        }
    
Methods Summary
public synchronized booleanaddLogger(java.util.logging.Logger logger)
Add a named logger. This does nothing and returns false if a logger with the same name is already registered.

The Logger factory methods call this method to register each newly created Logger.

The application should retain its own reference to the Logger object to avoid it being garbage collected. The LogManager may only retain a weak reference.

param
logger the new logger.
return
true if the argument logger was registered successfully, false if a logger of that name already exists.
exception
NullPointerException if the logger name is null.

	final String name = logger.getName();
	if (name == null) {
	    throw new NullPointerException();
	}

	Logger old = loggers.get(name);
	if (old != null) {
	    // We already have a registered logger with the given name.
	    return false;
	}

	// We're adding a new logger.
	// Note that we are creating a strong reference here that will
	// keep the Logger in existence indefinitely.
	loggers.put(name, logger);

	// Apply any initial level defined for the new logger.
	Level level = getLevelProperty(name+".level", null);
	if (level != null) {
	    doSetLevel(logger, level);
	}

        // Do we have a per logger handler too?
	// Note: this will add a 200ms penalty 
        if (getProperty(name+".handlers") != null) {
           // This code is taken from the root handler initialization
           AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction() {
              public Object run() {
                // Add new per logger handlers.
                String names[] = parseClassNames(name+".handlers");
                for (int i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
                    String word = names[i];
                    try {
                        Class clz = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().loadClass(word);
                        Handler h = (Handler) clz.newInstance();
                        try {
                            // Check if there is a property defining the
                            // this handler's level.
                            String levs = getProperty(word + ".level");
                            if (levs != null) {
                                h.setLevel(Level.parse(levs));
                            }
                            boolean useParent = getBooleanProperty(name + ".useParentHandlers", true);
                            if (!useParent) {
                                getLogger(name).setUseParentHandlers(false);
                            }
                        } catch (Exception ex) {
                            System.err.println("Can't set level for " + word);
                            // Probably a bad level. Drop through.
                        }
                        // Add this Handler to the logger
                        getLogger(name).addHandler(h);
                    } catch (Exception ex) {
                        System.err.println("Can't load log handler \"" + word + "\"");
                        System.err.println("" + ex);
                        ex.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                return null;
            }});
        } // do we have per logger handlers

	// If any of the logger's parents have levels defined,
	// make sure they are instantiated.
	int ix = 1;
	for (;;) {
	    int ix2 = name.indexOf(".", ix);
	    if (ix2 < 0) {
		break;
	    }
	    String pname = name.substring(0,ix2);
	    if (getProperty(pname+".level") != null) {
		// This pname has a level definition.  Make sure it exists.
		Logger plogger = Logger.getLogger(pname);
	    }
            // While we are walking up the tree I can check for our
            // own root logger and get its handlers initialized too with
            // the same code
            if (getProperty(pname+".handlers") != null) {
               final String nname=pname;
                                                                                
               AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction() {
                   public Object run() {
                   String names[] = parseClassNames(nname+".handlers");
                                                                                
                   for (int i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
                       String word = names[i];
                       try {
                           Class clz = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().loadClass(word);
                           Handler h = (Handler) clz.newInstance();
                           try {
                              // Check if there is a property defining the
                              // handler's level.
                              String levs = getProperty(word + ".level");
                              if (levs != null) {
                                  h.setLevel(Level.parse(levs));
                              }
                           } catch (Exception ex) {
                                System.err.println("Can't set level for " + word);
                            // Probably a bad level. Drop through.
                           }
                           if (getLogger(nname) == null ) {
                               Logger nplogger=Logger.getLogger(nname);
                               addLogger(nplogger);
                           }
                           boolean useParent = getBooleanProperty(nname + ".useParentHandlers", true);
                           if (!useParent) {
                               getLogger(nname).setUseParentHandlers(false);
                           }
                       } catch (Exception ex) {
                          System.err.println("Can't load log handler \"" + word + "\"");
                          System.err.println("" + ex);
                          ex.printStackTrace();
                       }
                   }
                   return null;
                   }});
            } //found a parent handler

	    ix = ix2+1;
	}

	// Find the new node and its parent.
	LogNode node = findNode(name);
	node.logger = logger;
	Logger parent = null;
	LogNode nodep = node.parent;
	while (nodep != null) {
	    if (nodep.logger != null) {
		parent = nodep.logger;
		break;
	    }
	    nodep = nodep.parent;
	}

	if (parent != null) {
            doSetParent(logger, parent);
	}
	// Walk over the children and tell them we are their new parent.
	node.walkAndSetParent(logger);

	return true;
    
public voidaddPropertyChangeListener(java.beans.PropertyChangeListener l)
Adds an event listener to be invoked when the logging properties are re-read. Adding multiple instances of the same event Listener results in multiple entries in the property event listener table.

param
l event listener
exception
SecurityException if a security manager exists and if the caller does not have LoggingPermission("control").
exception
NullPointerException if the PropertyChangeListener is null.

	if (l == null) {
	    throw new NullPointerException();
	}
	checkAccess();
	changes.addPropertyChangeListener(l);
    
public voidcheckAccess()
Check that the current context is trusted to modify the logging configuration. This requires LoggingPermission("control").

If the check fails we throw a SecurityException, otherwise we return normally.

exception
SecurityException if a security manager exists and if the caller does not have LoggingPermission("control").


                                                                   
         
	SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
	if (sm == null) {
	    return;
	}
        sm.checkPermission(ourPermission);
    
private static voiddoSetLevel(java.util.logging.Logger logger, java.util.logging.Level level)

	SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
	if (sm == null) {
	    // There is no security manager, so things are easy.
	    logger.setLevel(level);
	    return;
	} 
	// There is a security manager.  Raise privilege before
	// calling setLevel.
	AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction() {
	    public Object run() {
	        logger.setLevel(level);
		return null;
	    }});
    
private static voiddoSetParent(java.util.logging.Logger logger, java.util.logging.Logger parent)

	SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
	if (sm == null) {
	    // There is no security manager, so things are easy.
	    logger.setParent(parent);
	    return;
	} 
	// There is a security manager.  Raise privilege before
	// calling setParent.
	AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction() {
	    public Object run() {
		logger.setParent(parent);
		return null;
	    }});
    
private java.util.logging.LogManager$LogNodefindNode(java.lang.String name)

	if (name == null || name.equals("")) {
	    return root;
	}
	LogNode node = root;
	while (name.length() > 0) {
	    int ix = name.indexOf(".");
	    String head;
	    if (ix > 0) {
		head = name.substring(0,ix);
		name = name.substring(ix+1);
	    } else {
		head = name;
		name = "";
	    }
	    if (node.children == null) {
		node.children = new HashMap<Object,Object>();
	    }
	    LogNode child = (LogNode)node.children.get(head);
	    if (child == null) {
		child = new LogNode(node);
		node.children.put(head, child);
	    }
	    node = child;
	}
	return node;
    
booleangetBooleanProperty(java.lang.String name, boolean defaultValue)

	String val = getProperty(name);
	if (val == null) {
	    return defaultValue;
	}
	val = val.toLowerCase();
	if (val.equals("true") || val.equals("1")) {
	    return true;
	} else if (val.equals("false") || val.equals("0")) {
	    return false;
	}
        return defaultValue;
    
java.util.logging.FiltergetFilterProperty(java.lang.String name, java.util.logging.Filter defaultValue)

	String val = getProperty(name);
	try {
	    if (val != null) {
		Class clz = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().loadClass(val);
	        return (Filter) clz.newInstance();
	    }
	} catch (Exception ex) {
	    // We got one of a variety of exceptions in creating the
	    // class or creating an instance.
	    // Drop through.
	}
	// We got an exception.  Return the defaultValue.
	return defaultValue;
    
java.util.logging.FormattergetFormatterProperty(java.lang.String name, java.util.logging.Formatter defaultValue)

	String val = getProperty(name);
	try {
	    if (val != null) {
		Class clz = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().loadClass(val);
	        return (Formatter) clz.newInstance();
	    }
	} catch (Exception ex) {
	    // We got one of a variety of exceptions in creating the
	    // class or creating an instance.
	    // Drop through.
	}
	// We got an exception.  Return the defaultValue.
	return defaultValue;
    
intgetIntProperty(java.lang.String name, int defaultValue)

	String val = getProperty(name);
	if (val == null) {
	    return defaultValue;
	}
	try {
	    return Integer.parseInt(val.trim());
	} catch (Exception ex) {
	    return defaultValue;
	}
    
java.util.logging.LevelgetLevelProperty(java.lang.String name, java.util.logging.Level defaultValue)

	String val = getProperty(name);
	if (val == null) {
	    return defaultValue;
	}
	try {
	    return Level.parse(val.trim());
	} catch (Exception ex) {
	    return defaultValue;
	}
    
public static java.util.logging.LogManagergetLogManager()
Return the global LogManager object.

        if (manager != null) {
            manager.readPrimordialConfiguration();
        }
	return manager;
    
public synchronized java.util.logging.LoggergetLogger(java.lang.String name)
Method to find a named logger.

Note that since untrusted code may create loggers with arbitrary names this method should not be relied on to find Loggers for security sensitive logging.

param
name name of the logger
return
matching logger or null if none is found

	return loggers.get(name);
    
public synchronized java.util.EnumerationgetLoggerNames()
Get an enumeration of known logger names.

Note: Loggers may be added dynamically as new classes are loaded. This method only reports on the loggers that are currently registered.

return
enumeration of logger name strings

	return loggers.keys();
    
public static synchronized java.util.logging.LoggingMXBeangetLoggingMXBean()
Returns LoggingMXBean for managing loggers. The LoggingMXBean can also obtained from the {@link java.lang.management.ManagementFactory#getPlatformMBeanServer platform MBeanServer} method.

return
a {@link LoggingMXBean} object.
see
java.lang.management.ManagementFactory
since
1.5


                                     
          
        if (loggingMXBean == null) {
            loggingMXBean =  new Logging();
        }
        return loggingMXBean;
    
public java.lang.StringgetProperty(java.lang.String name)
Get the value of a logging property. The method returns null if the property is not found.

param
name property name
return
property value

	return props.getProperty(name);
    
java.lang.StringgetStringProperty(java.lang.String name, java.lang.String defaultValue)

	String val = getProperty(name);
	if (val == null) {
	    return defaultValue;
	}
	return val.trim();
    
private synchronized voidinitializeGlobalHandlers()

	if (initializedGlobalHandlers) {
	    return;
	}

	initializedGlobalHandlers = true;

	if (deathImminent) {
	    // Aaargh...
	    // The VM is shutting down and our exit hook has been called.
	    // Avoid allocating global handlers.
	    return;
	}

        // We need to raise privilege here.  All our decisions will
	// be made based on the logging configuration, which can
	// only be modified by trusted code.
	AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction() {
	    public Object run() {
		// Add new global handlers.
		String names[] = parseClassNames("handlers");
		for (int i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
	    	    String word = names[i];
	    	    try {
		        Class clz = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().loadClass(word);
		        Handler h = (Handler) clz.newInstance();
			try {
		    	    // Check if there is a property defining the
		    	    // handler's level.
		    	    String levs = getProperty(word + ".level");
		    	    if (levs != null) {
				h.setLevel(Level.parse(levs));
		    	    }
			} catch (Exception ex) {
			    System.err.println("Can't set level for " + word);
		    	    // Probably a bad level. Drop through.
			}
			rootLogger.addHandler(h);
	    	    } catch (Exception ex) {
			System.err.println("Can't load log handler \"" + word + "\"");
			System.err.println("" + ex);
			ex.printStackTrace();
		    }
		}
		return null;
	    }});
    
private java.lang.String[]parseClassNames(java.lang.String propertyName)

	String hands = getProperty(propertyName);
	if (hands == null) {
	    return new String[0];
	}
	hands = hands.trim();
	int ix = 0;
	Vector<String> result = new Vector<String>();
	while (ix < hands.length()) {
	    int end = ix;
	    while (end < hands.length()) {
		if (Character.isWhitespace(hands.charAt(end))) {
		    break;
		}
		if (hands.charAt(end) == ',") {
		    break;
		}
		end++;
	    }
	    String word = hands.substring(ix, end);
	    ix = end+1;
	    word = word.trim();
	    if (word.length() == 0) {
		continue;
	    }
	    result.add(word);
	}
	return result.toArray(new String[result.size()]);
    
public voidreadConfiguration()
Reinitialize the logging properties and reread the logging configuration.

The same rules are used for locating the configuration properties as are used at startup. So normally the logging properties will be re-read from the same file that was used at startup.

Any log level definitions in the new configuration file will be applied using Logger.setLevel(), if the target Logger exists.

A PropertyChangeEvent will be fired after the properties are read.

exception
SecurityException if a security manager exists and if the caller does not have LoggingPermission("control").
exception
IOException if there are IO problems reading the configuration.

	checkAccess();

	// if a configuration class is specified, load it and use it.
	String cname = System.getProperty("java.util.logging.config.class");
	if (cname != null) {
	    try {
		// Instantiate the named class.  It is its constructor's
		// responsibility to initialize the logging configuration, by
		// calling readConfiguration(InputStream) with a suitable stream.
		try {	
		    Class clz = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().loadClass(cname);
		    clz.newInstance();
		    return;
		} catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
		    Class clz = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().loadClass(cname);
		    clz.newInstance();
		    return;
		}
	    } catch (Exception ex) {
	        System.err.println("Logging configuration class \"" + cname + "\" failed");
	        System.err.println("" + ex);	    
	        // keep going and useful config file.
	    }
	}

	String fname = System.getProperty("java.util.logging.config.file");
	if (fname == null) {
	    fname = System.getProperty("java.home");
	    if (fname == null) {
		throw new Error("Can't find java.home ??");
	    }
	    File f = new File(fname, "lib");
	    f = new File(f, "logging.properties");
	    fname = f.getCanonicalPath();
	}
	InputStream in = new FileInputStream(fname);
	BufferedInputStream bin = new BufferedInputStream(in);
	try {
	    readConfiguration(bin);
	} finally {
	    if (in != null) {
	    	in.close();
	    }
	}
    
public voidreadConfiguration(java.io.InputStream ins)
Reinitialize the logging properties and reread the logging configuration from the given stream, which should be in java.util.Properties format. A PropertyChangeEvent will be fired after the properties are read.

Any log level definitions in the new configuration file will be applied using Logger.setLevel(), if the target Logger exists.

param
ins stream to read properties from
exception
SecurityException if a security manager exists and if the caller does not have LoggingPermission("control").
exception
IOException if there are problems reading from the stream.

	checkAccess();
	reset();

	// Load the properties
	props.load(ins);
	// Instantiate new configuration objects.
	String names[] = parseClassNames("config");

	for (int i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
	    String word = names[i];
	    try {
		Class clz = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().loadClass(word);
		clz.newInstance();
	    } catch (Exception ex) {
		System.err.println("Can't load config class \"" + word + "\"");
		System.err.println("" + ex);
		// ex.printStackTrace();
	    }
	}

	// Set levels on any pre-existing loggers, based on the new properties.
	setLevelsOnExistingLoggers();

	// Notify any interested parties that our properties have changed.
	changes.firePropertyChange(null, null, null);

	// Note that we need to reinitialize global handles when 
   	// they are first referenced.
	synchronized (this) {
	    initializedGlobalHandlers = false;
	}
    
private voidreadPrimordialConfiguration()

        if (!readPrimordialConfiguration) {
            synchronized (this) {
                if (!readPrimordialConfiguration) {
                    // If System.in/out/err are null, it's a good
                    // indication that we're still in the
                    // bootstrapping phase
                    if (System.out == null) {
                        return;
                    }
                    readPrimordialConfiguration = true;
                    try {
                        AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedExceptionAction() {
                                public Object run() throws Exception {
                                    readConfiguration();
                                    return null;
                                }
                            });
                    } catch (Exception ex) {
                        // System.err.println("Can't read logging configuration:");
                        // ex.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    
public voidremovePropertyChangeListener(java.beans.PropertyChangeListener l)
Removes an event listener for property change events. If the same listener instance has been added to the listener table through multiple invocations of addPropertyChangeListener, then an equivalent number of removePropertyChangeListener invocations are required to remove all instances of that listener from the listener table.

Returns silently if the given listener is not found.

param
l event listener (can be null)
exception
SecurityException if a security manager exists and if the caller does not have LoggingPermission("control").

	checkAccess();
	changes.removePropertyChangeListener(l);
    
public voidreset()
Reset the logging configuration.

For all named loggers, the reset operation removes and closes all Handlers and (except for the root logger) sets the level to null. The root logger's level is set to Level.INFO.

exception
SecurityException if a security manager exists and if the caller does not have LoggingPermission("control").

	checkAccess();
	synchronized (this) {
	    props = new Properties();
	    // Since we are doing a reset we no longer want to initialize
	    // the global handlers, if they haven't been initialized yet.
	    initializedGlobalHandlers = true;
	}
	Enumeration enum_ = getLoggerNames();
	while (enum_.hasMoreElements()) {
	    String name = (String)enum_.nextElement();
	    resetLogger(name);
	}
    
private voidresetLogger(java.lang.String name)

	Logger logger = getLogger(name);
	if (logger == null) {
	    return;
	}
	// Close all the Logger's handlers.
	Handler[] targets = logger.getHandlers();
	for (int i = 0; i < targets.length; i++) {
	    Handler h = targets[i];
	    logger.removeHandler(h);
	    try {
	        h.close();
	    } catch (Exception ex) {
		// Problems closing a handler?  Keep going...
	    }
	}
	if (name != null && name.equals("")) {
	    // This is the root logger.
	    logger.setLevel(defaultLevel);
	} else {
	    logger.setLevel(null);
	}
    
private synchronized voidsetLevelsOnExistingLoggers()

	Enumeration enum_ = props.propertyNames();
	while (enum_.hasMoreElements()) {
	    String key = (String)enum_.nextElement();
	    if (!key.endsWith(".level")) {
		// Not a level definition.
		continue;
	    }
	    int ix = key.length() - 6;
	    String name = key.substring(0, ix);
	    Level level = getLevelProperty(key, null);
	    if (level == null) {
		System.err.println("Bad level value for property: " + key);
		continue;
	    }
	    Logger l = getLogger(name);
	    if (l == null) {
		continue;
	    }
	    l.setLevel(level);
	}