/*
* @(#)SwingWorker.java 1.8 06/11/30
*
* Copyright 2006 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
* SUN PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
*/
package javax.swing;
import java.beans.PropertyChangeListener;
import java.beans.PropertyChangeSupport;
import java.beans.PropertyChangeEvent;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
import sun.awt.AppContext;
import sun.swing.AccumulativeRunnable;
/**
* An abstract class to perform lengthy GUI-interacting tasks in a
* dedicated thread.
*
* <p>
* When writing a multi-threaded application using Swing, there are
* two constraints to keep in mind:
* (refer to
* <a href="http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/uiswing/misc/threads.html">
* How to Use Threads
* </a> for more details):
* <ul>
* <li> Time-consuming tasks should not be run on the <i>Event
* Dispatch Thread</i>. Otherwise the application becomes unresponsive.
* </li>
* <li> Swing components should be accessed on the <i>Event
* Dispatch Thread</i> only.
* </li>
* </ul>
*
* <p>
*
* <p>
* These constraints mean that a GUI application with time intensive
* computing needs at least two threads: 1) a thread to perform the lengthy
* task and 2) the <i>Event Dispatch Thread</i> (EDT) for all GUI-related
* activities. This involves inter-thread communication which can be
* tricky to implement.
*
* <p>
* {@code SwingWorker} is designed for situations where you need to have a long
* running task run in a background thread and provide updates to the UI
* either when done, or while processing.
* Subclasses of {@code SwingWorker} must implement
* the {@link #doInBackground} method to perform the background computation.
*
*
* <p>
* <b>Workflow</b>
* <p>
* There are three threads involved in the life cycle of a
* {@code SwingWorker} :
* <ul>
* <li>
* <p>
* <i>Current</i> thread: The {@link #execute} method is
* called on this thread. It schedules {@code SwingWorker} for the execution on a
* <i>worker</i>
* thread and returns immediately. One can wait for the {@code SwingWorker} to
* complete using the {@link #get get} methods.
* <li>
* <p>
* <i>Worker</i> thread: The {@link #doInBackground}
* method is called on this thread.
* This is where all background activities should happen. To notify
* {@code PropertyChangeListeners} about bound properties changes use the
* {@link #firePropertyChange firePropertyChange} and
* {@link #getPropertyChangeSupport} methods. By default there are two bound
* properties available: {@code state} and {@code progress}.
* <li>
* <p>
* <i>Event Dispatch Thread</i>: All Swing related activities occur
* on this thread. {@code SwingWorker} invokes the
* {@link #process process} and {@link #done} methods and notifies
* any {@code PropertyChangeListeners} on this thread.
* </ul>
*
* <p>
* Often, the <i>Current</i> thread is the <i>Event Dispatch
* Thread</i>.
*
*
* <p>
* Before the {@code doInBackground} method is invoked on a <i>worker</i> thread,
* {@code SwingWorker} notifies any {@code PropertyChangeListeners} about the
* {@code state} property change to {@code StateValue.STARTED}. After the
* {@code doInBackground} method is finished the {@code done} method is
* executed. Then {@code SwingWorker} notifies any {@code PropertyChangeListeners}
* about the {@code state} property change to {@code StateValue.DONE}.
*
* <p>
* {@code SwingWorker} is only designed to be executed once. Executing a
* {@code SwingWorker} more than once will not result in invoking the
* {@code doInBackground} method twice.
*
* <p>
* <b>Sample Usage</b>
* <p>
* The following example illustrates the simplest use case. Some
* processing is done in the background and when done you update a Swing
* component.
*
* <p>
* Say we want to find the "Meaning of Life" and display the result in
* a {@code JLabel}.
*
* <pre>
* final JLabel label;
* class MeaningOfLifeFinder extends SwingWorker<String, Object> {
* {@code @Override}
* public String doInBackground() {
* return findTheMeaningOfLife();
* }
*
* {@code @Override}
* protected void done() {
* try {
* label.setText(get());
* } catch (Exception ignore) {
* }
* }
* }
*
* (new MeaningOfLifeFinder()).execute();
* </pre>
*
* <p>
* The next example is useful in situations where you wish to process data
* as it is ready on the <i>Event Dispatch Thread</i>.
*
* <p>
* Now we want to find the first N prime numbers and display the results in a
* {@code JTextArea}. While this is computing, we want to update our
* progress in a {@code JProgressBar}. Finally, we also want to print
* the prime numbers to {@code System.out}.
* <pre>
* class PrimeNumbersTask extends
* SwingWorker<List<Integer>, Integer> {
* PrimeNumbersTask(JTextArea textArea, int numbersToFind) {
* //initialize
* }
*
* {@code @Override}
* public List<Integer> doInBackground() {
* while (! enough && ! isCancelled()) {
* number = nextPrimeNumber();
* publish(number);
* setProgress(100 * numbers.size() / numbersToFind);
* }
* }
* return numbers;
* }
*
* {@code @Override}
* protected void process(List<Integer> chunks) {
* for (int number : chunks) {
* textArea.append(number + "\n");
* }
* }
* }
*
* JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea();
* final JProgressBar progressBar = new JProgressBar(0, 100);
* PrimeNumbersTask task = new PrimeNumbersTask(textArea, N);
* task.addPropertyChangeListener(
* new PropertyChangeListener() {
* public void propertyChange(PropertyChangeEvent evt) {
* if ("progress".equals(evt.getPropertyName())) {
* progressBar.setValue((Integer)evt.getNewValue());
* }
* }
* });
*
* task.execute();
* System.out.println(task.get()); //prints all prime numbers we have got
* </pre>
*
* <p>
* Because {@code SwingWorker} implements {@code Runnable}, a
* {@code SwingWorker} can be submitted to an
* {@link java.util.concurrent.Executor} for execution.
*
* @author Igor Kushnirskiy
* @version 1.8 11/30/06
*
* @param <T> the result type returned by this {@code SwingWorker's}
* {@code doInBackground} and {@code get} methods
* @param <V> the type used for carrying out intermediate results by this
* {@code SwingWorker's} {@code publish} and {@code process} methods
*
* @since 1.6
*/
public abstract class SwingWorker<T, V> implements RunnableFuture<T> {
/**
* number of worker threads.
*/
private static final int MAX_WORKER_THREADS = 10;
/**
* current progress.
*/
private volatile int progress;
/**
* current state.
*/
private volatile StateValue state;
/**
* everything is run inside this FutureTask. Also it is used as
* a delegatee for the Future API.
*/
private final FutureTask<T> future;
/**
* all propertyChangeSupport goes through this.
*/
private final PropertyChangeSupport propertyChangeSupport;
/**
* handler for {@code process} mehtod.
*/
private AccumulativeRunnable<V> doProcess;
/**
* handler for progress property change notifications.
*/
private AccumulativeRunnable<Integer> doNotifyProgressChange;
private final AccumulativeRunnable<Runnable> doSubmit = getDoSubmit();
/**
* Values for the {@code state} bound property.
* @since 1.6
*/
public enum StateValue {
/**
* Initial {@code SwingWorker} state.
*/
PENDING,
/**
* {@code SwingWorker} is {@code STARTED}
* before invoking {@code doInBackground}.
*/
STARTED,
/**
* {@code SwingWorker} is {@code DONE}
* after {@code doInBackground} method
* is finished.
*/
DONE
};
/**
* Constructs this {@code SwingWorker}.
*/
public SwingWorker() {
Callable<T> callable =
new Callable<T>() {
public T call() throws Exception {
setState(StateValue.STARTED);
return doInBackground();
}
};
future = new FutureTask<T>(callable) {
@Override
protected void done() {
doneEDT();
setState(StateValue.DONE);
}
};
state = StateValue.PENDING;
propertyChangeSupport = new SwingWorkerPropertyChangeSupport(this);
doProcess = null;
doNotifyProgressChange = null;
}
/**
* Computes a result, or throws an exception if unable to do so.
*
* <p>
* Note that this method is executed only once.
*
* <p>
* Note: this method is executed in a background thread.
*
*
* @return the computed result
* @throws Exception if unable to compute a result
*
*/
protected abstract T doInBackground() throws Exception ;
/**
* Sets this {@code Future} to the result of computation unless
* it has been cancelled.
*/
public final void run() {
future.run();
}
/**
* Sends data chunks to the {@link #process} method. This method is to be
* used from inside the {@code doInBackground} method to deliver
* intermediate results
* for processing on the <i>Event Dispatch Thread</i> inside the
* {@code process} method.
*
* <p>
* Because the {@code process} method is invoked asynchronously on
* the <i>Event Dispatch Thread</i>
* multiple invocations to the {@code publish} method
* might occur before the {@code process} method is executed. For
* performance purposes all these invocations are coalesced into one
* invocation with concatenated arguments.
*
* <p>
* For example:
*
* <pre>
* publish("1");
* publish("2", "3");
* publish("4", "5", "6");
* </pre>
*
* might result in:
*
* <pre>
* process("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6")
* </pre>
*
* <p>
* <b>Sample Usage</b>. This code snippet loads some tabular data and
* updates {@code DefaultTableModel} with it. Note that it safe to mutate
* the tableModel from inside the {@code process} method because it is
* invoked on the <i>Event Dispatch Thread</i>.
*
* <pre>
* class TableSwingWorker extends
* SwingWorker<DefaultTableModel, Object[]> {
* private final DefaultTableModel tableModel;
*
* public TableSwingWorker(DefaultTableModel tableModel) {
* this.tableModel = tableModel;
* }
*
* {@code @Override}
* protected DefaultTableModel doInBackground() throws Exception {
* for (Object[] row = loadData();
* ! isCancelled() && row != null;
* row = loadData()) {
* publish((Object[]) row);
* }
* return tableModel;
* }
*
* {@code @Override}
* protected void process(List<Object[]> chunks) {
* for (Object[] row : chunks) {
* tableModel.addRow(row);
* }
* }
* }
* </pre>
*
* @param chunks intermediate results to process
*
* @see #process
*
*/
protected final void publish(V... chunks) {
synchronized (this) {
if (doProcess == null) {
doProcess = new AccumulativeRunnable<V>() {
@Override
public void run(List<V> args) {
process(args);
}
@Override
protected void submit() {
doSubmit.add(this);
}
};
}
}
doProcess.add(chunks);
}
/**
* Receives data chunks from the {@code publish} method asynchronously on the
* <i>Event Dispatch Thread</i>.
*
* <p>
* Please refer to the {@link #publish} method for more details.
*
* @param chunks intermediate results to process
*
* @see #publish
*
*/
protected void process(List<V> chunks) {
}
/**
* Executed on the <i>Event Dispatch Thread</i> after the {@code doInBackground}
* method is finished. The default
* implementation does nothing. Subclasses may override this method to
* perform completion actions on the <i>Event Dispatch Thread</i>. Note
* that you can query status inside the implementation of this method to
* determine the result of this task or whether this task has been cancelled.
*
* @see #doInBackground
* @see #isCancelled()
* @see #get
*/
protected void done() {
}
/**
* Sets the {@code progress} bound property.
* The value should be from 0 to 100.
*
* <p>
* Because {@code PropertyChangeListener}s are notified asynchronously on
* the <i>Event Dispatch Thread</i> multiple invocations to the
* {@code setProgress} method might occur before any
* {@code PropertyChangeListeners} are invoked. For performance purposes
* all these invocations are coalesced into one invocation with the last
* invocation argument only.
*
* <p>
* For example, the following invokations:
*
* <pre>
* setProgress(1);
* setProgress(2);
* setProgress(3);
* </pre>
*
* might result in a single {@code PropertyChangeListener} notification with
* the value {@code 3}.
*
* @param progress the progress value to set
* @throws IllegalArgumentException is value not from 0 to 100
*/
protected final void setProgress(int progress) {
if (progress < 0 || progress > 100) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("the value should be from 0 to 100");
}
if (this.progress == progress) {
return;
}
int oldProgress = this.progress;
this.progress = progress;
if (! getPropertyChangeSupport().hasListeners("progress")) {
return;
}
synchronized (this) {
if (doNotifyProgressChange == null) {
doNotifyProgressChange =
new AccumulativeRunnable<Integer>() {
@Override
public void run(List<Integer> args) {
firePropertyChange("progress",
args.get(0),
args.get(args.size() - 1));
}
@Override
protected void submit() {
doSubmit.add(this);
}
};
}
}
doNotifyProgressChange.add(oldProgress, progress);
}
/**
* Returns the {@code progress} bound property.
*
* @return the progress bound property.
*/
public final int getProgress() {
return progress;
}
/**
* Schedules this {@code SwingWorker} for execution on a <i>worker</i>
* thread. There are a number of <i>worker</i> threads available. In the
* event all <i>worker</i> threads are busy handling other
* {@code SwingWorkers} this {@code SwingWorker} is placed in a waiting
* queue.
*
* <p>
* Note:
* {@code SwingWorker} is only designed to be executed once. Executing a
* {@code SwingWorker} more than once will not result in invoking the
* {@code doInBackground} method twice.
*/
public final void execute() {
getWorkersExecutorService().execute(this);
}
// Future methods START
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*/
public final boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning) {
return future.cancel(mayInterruptIfRunning);
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*/
public final boolean isCancelled() {
return future.isCancelled();
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*/
public final boolean isDone() {
return future.isDone();
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
* <p>
* Note: calling {@code get} on the <i>Event Dispatch Thread</i> blocks
* <i>all</i> events, including repaints, from being processed until this
* {@code SwingWorker} is complete.
*
* <p>
* When you want the {@code SwingWorker} to block on the <i>Event
* Dispatch Thread</i> we recommend that you use a <i>modal dialog</i>.
*
* <p>
* For example:
*
* <pre>
* class SwingWorkerCompletionWaiter extends PropertyChangeListener {
* private JDialog dialog;
*
* public SwingWorkerCompletionWaiter(JDialog dialog) {
* this.dialog = dialog;
* }
*
* public void propertyChange(PropertyChangeEvent event) {
* if ("state".equals(event.getPropertyName())
* && SwingWorker.StateValue.DONE == event.getNewValue()) {
* dialog.setVisible(false);
* dialog.dispose();
* }
* }
* }
* JDialog dialog = new JDialog(owner, true);
* swingWorker.addPropertyChangeListener(
* new SwingWorkerCompletionWaiter(dialog));
* swingWorker.execute();
* //the dialog will be visible until the SwingWorker is done
* dialog.setVisible(true);
* </pre>
*/
public final T get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
return future.get();
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
* <p>
* Please refer to {@link #get} for more details.
*/
public final T get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException,
ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
return future.get(timeout, unit);
}
// Future methods END
// PropertyChangeSupports methods START
/**
* Adds a {@code PropertyChangeListener} to the listener list. The listener
* is registered for all properties. The same listener object may be added
* more than once, and will be called as many times as it is added. If
* {@code listener} is {@code null}, no exception is thrown and no action is taken.
*
* <p>
* Note: This is merely a convenience wrapper. All work is delegated to
* {@code PropertyChangeSupport} from {@link #getPropertyChangeSupport}.
*
* @param listener the {@code PropertyChangeListener} to be added
*/
public final void addPropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener) {
getPropertyChangeSupport().addPropertyChangeListener(listener);
}
/**
* Removes a {@code PropertyChangeListener} from the listener list. This
* removes a {@code PropertyChangeListener} that was registered for all
* properties. If {@code listener} was added more than once to the same
* event source, it will be notified one less time after being removed. If
* {@code listener} is {@code null}, or was never added, no exception is
* thrown and no action is taken.
*
* <p>
* Note: This is merely a convenience wrapper. All work is delegated to
* {@code PropertyChangeSupport} from {@link #getPropertyChangeSupport}.
*
* @param listener the {@code PropertyChangeListener} to be removed
*/
public final void removePropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener) {
getPropertyChangeSupport().removePropertyChangeListener(listener);
}
/**
* Reports a bound property update to any registered listeners. No event is
* fired if {@code old} and {@code new} are equal and non-null.
*
* <p>
* This {@code SwingWorker} will be the source for
* any generated events.
*
* <p>
* When called off the <i>Event Dispatch Thread</i>
* {@code PropertyChangeListeners} are notified asynchronously on
* the <i>Event Dispatch Thread</i>.
* <p>
* Note: This is merely a convenience wrapper. All work is delegated to
* {@code PropertyChangeSupport} from {@link #getPropertyChangeSupport}.
*
*
* @param propertyName the programmatic name of the property that was
* changed
* @param oldValue the old value of the property
* @param newValue the new value of the property
*/
public final void firePropertyChange(String propertyName, Object oldValue,
Object newValue) {
getPropertyChangeSupport().firePropertyChange(propertyName,
oldValue, newValue);
}
/**
* Returns the {@code PropertyChangeSupport} for this {@code SwingWorker}.
* This method is used when flexible access to bound properties support is
* needed.
* <p>
* This {@code SwingWorker} will be the source for
* any generated events.
*
* <p>
* Note: The returned {@code PropertyChangeSupport} notifies any
* {@code PropertyChangeListener}s asynchronously on the <i>Event Dispatch
* Thread</i> in the event that {@code firePropertyChange} or
* {@code fireIndexedPropertyChange} are called off the <i>Event Dispatch
* Thread</i>.
*
* @return {@code PropertyChangeSupport} for this {@code SwingWorker}
*/
public final PropertyChangeSupport getPropertyChangeSupport() {
return propertyChangeSupport;
}
// PropertyChangeSupports methods END
/**
* Returns the {@code SwingWorker} state bound property.
*
* @return the current state
*/
public final StateValue getState() {
/*
* DONE is a speacial case
* to keep getState and isDone is sync
*/
if (isDone()) {
return StateValue.DONE;
} else {
return state;
}
}
/**
* Sets this {@code SwingWorker} state bound property.
* @param the state state to set
*/
private void setState(StateValue state) {
StateValue old = this.state;
this.state = state;
firePropertyChange("state", old, state);
}
/**
* Invokes {@code done} on the EDT.
*/
private void doneEDT() {
Runnable doDone =
new Runnable() {
public void run() {
done();
}
};
if (SwingUtilities.isEventDispatchThread()) {
doDone.run();
} else {
doSubmit.add(doDone);
}
}
/**
* returns workersExecutorService.
*
* returns the service stored in the appContext or creates it if
* necessary. If the last one it triggers autoShutdown thread to
* get started.
*
* @return ExecutorService for the {@code SwingWorkers}
* @see #startAutoShutdownThread
*/
private static synchronized ExecutorService getWorkersExecutorService() {
final AppContext appContext = AppContext.getAppContext();
Object obj = appContext.get(SwingWorker.class);
if (obj == null) {
//this creates non-daemon threads.
ThreadFactory threadFactory =
new ThreadFactory() {
final ThreadFactory defaultFactory =
Executors.defaultThreadFactory();
public Thread newThread(final Runnable r) {
Thread thread =
defaultFactory.newThread(r);
thread.setName("SwingWorker-"
+ thread.getName());
return thread;
}
};
/*
* We want a to have no more than MAX_WORKER_THREADS
* running threads.
*
* We want a worker thread to wait no longer than 1 second
* for new tasks before terminating.
*/
obj = new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, MAX_WORKER_THREADS,
1L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(),
threadFactory) {
private final ReentrantLock pauseLock = new ReentrantLock();
private final Condition unpaused = pauseLock.newCondition();
private boolean isPaused = false;
private final ReentrantLock executeLock = new ReentrantLock();
@Override
public void execute(Runnable command) {
/*
* ThreadPoolExecutor first tries to run task
* in a corePool. If all threads are busy it
* tries to add task to the waiting queue. If it
* fails it run task in maximumPool.
*
* We want corePool to be 0 and
* maximumPool to be MAX_WORKER_THREADS
* We need to change the order of the execution.
* First try corePool then try maximumPool
* pool and only then store to the waiting
* queue. We can not do that because we would
* need access to the private methods.
*
* Instead we enlarge corePool to
* MAX_WORKER_THREADS before the execution and
* shrink it back to 0 after.
* It does pretty much what we need.
*
* While we changing the corePoolSize we need
* to stop running worker threads from accepting new
* tasks.
*/
//we need atomicity for the execute method.
executeLock.lock();
try {
pauseLock.lock();
try {
isPaused = true;
} finally {
pauseLock.unlock();
}
setCorePoolSize(MAX_WORKER_THREADS);
super.execute(command);
setCorePoolSize(0);
pauseLock.lock();
try {
isPaused = false;
unpaused.signalAll();
} finally {
pauseLock.unlock();
}
} finally {
executeLock.unlock();
}
}
@Override
protected void afterExecute(Runnable r, Throwable t) {
super.afterExecute(r, t);
pauseLock.lock();
try {
while(isPaused) {
unpaused.await();
}
} catch(InterruptedException ignore) {
} finally {
pauseLock.unlock();
}
}
};
appContext.put(SwingWorker.class, obj);
}
return (ExecutorService)obj;
}
private static final Object DO_SUBMIT_KEY = new StringBuilder("doSubmit");
private static AccumulativeRunnable<Runnable> getDoSubmit() {
synchronized (DO_SUBMIT_KEY) {
final AppContext appContext = AppContext.getAppContext();
Object doSubmit = appContext.get(DO_SUBMIT_KEY);
if (doSubmit == null) {
doSubmit = new DoSubmitAccumulativeRunnable();
appContext.put(DO_SUBMIT_KEY, doSubmit);
}
return (AccumulativeRunnable<Runnable>) doSubmit;
}
}
private static class DoSubmitAccumulativeRunnable
extends AccumulativeRunnable<Runnable> implements ActionListener {
private final static int DELAY = (int) (1000 / 30);
@Override
protected void run(List<Runnable> args) {
for (Runnable runnable : args) {
runnable.run();
}
}
@Override
protected void submit() {
Timer timer = new Timer(DELAY, this);
timer.setRepeats(false);
timer.start();
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {
run();
}
}
private class SwingWorkerPropertyChangeSupport
extends PropertyChangeSupport {
SwingWorkerPropertyChangeSupport(Object source) {
super(source);
}
@Override
public void firePropertyChange(final PropertyChangeEvent evt) {
if (SwingUtilities.isEventDispatchThread()) {
super.firePropertyChange(evt);
} else {
doSubmit.add(
new Runnable() {
public void run() {
SwingWorkerPropertyChangeSupport.this
.firePropertyChange(evt);
}
});
}
}
}
}
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