/*
* @(#)RMIClassLoader.java 1.40 04/05/18
*
* Copyright 2004 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
* SUN PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
*/
package java.rmi.server;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Iterator;
import sun.misc.Service;
/**
* <code>RMIClassLoader</code> comprises static methods to support
* dynamic class loading with RMI. Included are methods for loading
* classes from a network location (one or more URLs) and obtaining
* the location from which an existing class should be loaded by
* remote parties. These methods are used by the RMI runtime when
* marshalling and unmarshalling classes contained in the arguments
* and return values of remote method calls, and they also may be
* invoked directly by applications in order to mimic RMI's dynamic
* class loading behavior.
*
* <p>The implementation of the following static methods
*
* <ul>
*
* <li>{@link #loadClass(URL,String)}
* <li>{@link #loadClass(String,String)}
* <li>{@link #loadClass(String,String,ClassLoader)}
* <li>{@link #loadProxyClass(String,String[],ClassLoader)}
* <li>{@link #getClassLoader(String)}
* <li>{@link #getClassAnnotation(Class)}
*
* </ul>
*
* is provided by an instance of {@link RMIClassLoaderSpi}, the
* service provider interface for those methods. When one of the
* methods is invoked, its behavior is to delegate to a corresponding
* method on the service provider instance. The details of how each
* method delegates to the provider instance is described in the
* documentation for each particular method.
*
* <p>The service provider instance is chosen as follows:
*
* <ul>
*
* <li>If the system property
* <code>java.rmi.server.RMIClassLoaderSpi</code> is defined, then if
* its value equals the string <code>"default"</code>, the provider
* instance will be the value returned by an invocation of the {@link
* #getDefaultProviderInstance()} method, and for any other value, if
* a class named with the value of the property can be loaded by the
* system class loader (see {@link ClassLoader#getSystemClassLoader})
* and that class is assignable to {@link RMIClassLoaderSpi} and has a
* public no-argument constructor, then that constructor will be
* invoked to create the provider instance. If the property is
* defined but any other of those conditions are not true, then an
* unspecified <code>Error</code> will be thrown to code that attempts
* to use <code>RMIClassLoader</code>, indicating the failure to
* obtain a provider instance.
*
* <li>If a resource named
* <code>META-INF/services/java.rmi.server.RMIClassLoaderSpi</code> is
* visible to the system class loader, then the contents of that
* resource are interpreted as a provider-configuration file, and the
* first class name specified in that file is used as the provider
* class name. If a class with that name can be loaded by the system
* class loader and that class is assignable to {@link
* RMIClassLoaderSpi} and has a public no-argument constructor, then
* that constructor will be invoked to create the provider instance.
* If the resource is found but a provider cannot be instantiated as
* described, then an unspecified <code>Error</code> will be thrown to
* code that attempts to use <code>RMIClassLoader</code>, indicating
* the failure to obtain a provider instance.
*
* <li>Otherwise, the provider instance will be the value returned by
* an invocation of the {@link #getDefaultProviderInstance()} method.
*
* </ul>
*
* @version 1.40, 04/05/18
* @author Ann Wollrath
* @author Peter Jones
* @author Laird Dornin
* @see RMIClassLoaderSpi
* @since JDK1.1
*/
public class RMIClassLoader {
/** "default" provider instance */
private static final RMIClassLoaderSpi defaultProvider =
newDefaultProviderInstance();
/** provider instance */
private static final RMIClassLoaderSpi provider =
(RMIClassLoaderSpi) java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
new java.security.PrivilegedAction() {
public Object run() { return initializeProvider(); }
});
/*
* Disallow anyone from creating one of these.
*/
private RMIClassLoader() {}
/**
* Loads the class with the specified <code>name</code>.
*
* <p>This method delegates to {@link #loadClass(String,String)},
* passing <code>null</code> as the first argument and
* <code>name</code> as the second argument.
*
* @param name the name of the class to load
*
* @return the <code>Class</code> object representing the loaded class
*
* @throws MalformedURLException if a provider-specific URL used
* to load classes is invalid
*
* @throws ClassNotFoundException if a definition for the class
* could not be found at the codebase location
*
* @deprecated replaced by <code>loadClass(String,String)</code> method
* @see #loadClass(String,String)
*/
@Deprecated
public static Class<?> loadClass(String name)
throws MalformedURLException, ClassNotFoundException
{
return loadClass((String) null, name);
}
/**
* Loads a class from a codebase URL.
*
* If <code>codebase</code> is <code>null</code>, then this method
* will behave the same as {@link #loadClass(String,String)} with a
* <code>null</code> <code>codebase</code> and the given class name.
*
* <p>This method delegates to the
* {@link RMIClassLoaderSpi#loadClass(String,String,ClassLoader)}
* method of the provider instance, passing the result of invoking
* {@link URL#toString} on the given URL (or <code>null</code> if
* <code>codebase</code> is null) as the first argument,
* <code>name</code> as the second argument,
* and <code>null</code> as the third argument.
*
* @param codebase the URL to load the class from, or <code>null</code>
*
* @param name the name of the class to load
*
* @return the <code>Class</code> object representing the loaded class
*
* @throws MalformedURLException if <code>codebase</code> is
* <code>null</code> and a provider-specific URL used
* to load classes is invalid
*
* @throws ClassNotFoundException if a definition for the class
* could not be found at the specified URL
*/
public static Class<?> loadClass(URL codebase, String name)
throws MalformedURLException, ClassNotFoundException
{
return provider.loadClass(
codebase != null ? codebase.toString() : null, name, null);
}
/**
* Loads a class from a codebase URL path.
*
* <p>This method delegates to the
* {@link RMIClassLoaderSpi#loadClass(String,String,ClassLoader)}
* method of the provider instance, passing <code>codebase</code>
* as the first argument, <code>name</code> as the second argument,
* and <code>null</code> as the third argument.
*
* @param codebase the list of URLs (separated by spaces) to load
* the class from, or <code>null</code>
*
* @param name the name of the class to load
*
* @return the <code>Class</code> object representing the loaded class
*
* @throws MalformedURLException if <code>codebase</code> is
* non-<code>null</code> and contains an invalid URL, or if
* <code>codebase</code> is <code>null</code> and a provider-specific
* URL used to load classes is invalid
*
* @throws ClassNotFoundException if a definition for the class
* could not be found at the specified location
*
* @since 1.2
*/
public static Class<?> loadClass(String codebase, String name)
throws MalformedURLException, ClassNotFoundException
{
return provider.loadClass(codebase, name, null);
}
/**
* Loads a class from a codebase URL path, optionally using the
* supplied loader.
*
* This method should be used when the caller would like to make
* available to the provider implementation an additional contextual
* class loader to consider, such as the loader of a caller on the
* stack. Typically, a provider implementation will attempt to
* resolve the named class using the given <code>defaultLoader</code>,
* if specified, before attempting to resolve the class from the
* codebase URL path.
*
* <p>This method delegates to the
* {@link RMIClassLoaderSpi#loadClass(String,String,ClassLoader)}
* method of the provider instance, passing <code>codebase</code>
* as the first argument, <code>name</code> as the second argument,
* and <code>defaultLoader</code> as the third argument.
*
* @param codebase the list of URLs (separated by spaces) to load
* the class from, or <code>null</code>
*
* @param name the name of the class to load
*
* @param defaultLoader additional contextual class loader
* to use, or <code>null</code>
*
* @return the <code>Class</code> object representing the loaded class
*
* @throws MalformedURLException if <code>codebase</code> is
* non-<code>null</code> and contains an invalid URL, or if
* <code>codebase</code> is <code>null</code> and a provider-specific
* URL used to load classes is invalid
*
* @throws ClassNotFoundException if a definition for the class
* could not be found at the specified location
*
* @since 1.4
*/
public static Class<?> loadClass(String codebase, String name,
ClassLoader defaultLoader)
throws MalformedURLException, ClassNotFoundException
{
return provider.loadClass(codebase, name, defaultLoader);
}
/**
* Loads a dynamic proxy class (see {@link java.lang.reflect.Proxy})
* that implements a set of interfaces with the given names
* from a codebase URL path.
*
* <p>The interfaces will be resolved similar to classes loaded via
* the {@link #loadClass(String,String)} method using the given
* <code>codebase</code>.
*
* <p>This method delegates to the
* {@link RMIClassLoaderSpi#loadProxyClass(String,String[],ClassLoader)}
* method of the provider instance, passing <code>codebase</code>
* as the first argument, <code>interfaces</code> as the second argument,
* and <code>defaultLoader</code> as the third argument.
*
* @param codebase the list of URLs (space-separated) to load
* classes from, or <code>null</code>
*
* @param interfaces the names of the interfaces for the proxy class
* to implement
*
* @param defaultLoader additional contextual class loader
* to use, or <code>null</code>
*
* @return a dynamic proxy class that implements the named interfaces
*
* @throws MalformedURLException if <code>codebase</code> is
* non-<code>null</code> and contains an invalid URL, or
* if <code>codebase</code> is <code>null</code> and a provider-specific
* URL used to load classes is invalid
*
* @throws ClassNotFoundException if a definition for one of
* the named interfaces could not be found at the specified location,
* or if creation of the dynamic proxy class failed (such as if
* {@link java.lang.reflect.Proxy#getProxyClass(ClassLoader,Class[])}
* would throw an <code>IllegalArgumentException</code> for the given
* interface list)
*
* @since 1.4
*/
public static Class<?> loadProxyClass(String codebase, String[] interfaces,
ClassLoader defaultLoader)
throws ClassNotFoundException, MalformedURLException
{
return provider.loadProxyClass(codebase, interfaces, defaultLoader);
}
/**
* Returns a class loader that loads classes from the given codebase
* URL path.
*
* <p>The class loader returned is the class loader that the
* {@link #loadClass(String,String)} method would use to load classes
* for the same <code>codebase</code> argument.
*
* <p>This method delegates to the
* {@link RMIClassLoaderSpi#getClassLoader(String)} method
* of the provider instance, passing <code>codebase</code> as the argument.
*
* <p>If there is a security manger, its <code>checkPermission</code>
* method will be invoked with a
* <code>RuntimePermission("getClassLoader")</code> permission;
* this could result in a <code>SecurityException</code>.
* The provider implementation of this method may also perform further
* security checks to verify that the calling context has permission to
* connect to all of the URLs in the codebase URL path.
*
* @param codebase the list of URLs (space-separated) from which
* the returned class loader will load classes from, or <code>null</code>
*
* @return a class loader that loads classes from the given codebase URL
* path
*
* @throws MalformedURLException if <code>codebase</code> is
* non-<code>null</code> and contains an invalid URL, or
* if <code>codebase</code> is <code>null</code> and a provider-specific
* URL used to identify the class loader is invalid
*
* @throws SecurityException if there is a security manager and the
* invocation of its <code>checkPermission</code> method fails, or
* if the caller does not have permission to connect to all of the
* URLs in the codebase URL path
*
* @since 1.3
*/
public static ClassLoader getClassLoader(String codebase)
throws MalformedURLException, SecurityException
{
return provider.getClassLoader(codebase);
}
/**
* Returns the annotation string (representing a location for
* the class definition) that RMI will use to annotate the class
* descriptor when marshalling objects of the given class.
*
* <p>This method delegates to the
* {@link RMIClassLoaderSpi#getClassAnnotation(Class)} method
* of the provider instance, passing <code>cl</code> as the argument.
*
* @param cl the class to obtain the annotation for
*
* @return a string to be used to annotate the given class when
* it gets marshalled, or <code>null</code>
*
* @throws NullPointerException if <code>cl</code> is <code>null</code>
*
* @since 1.2
*/
/*
* REMIND: Should we say that the returned class annotation will or
* should be a (space-separated) list of URLs?
*/
public static String getClassAnnotation(Class<?> cl) {
return provider.getClassAnnotation(cl);
}
/**
* Returns the canonical instance of the default provider
* for the service provider interface {@link RMIClassLoaderSpi}.
* If the system property <code>java.rmi.server.RMIClassLoaderSpi</code>
* is not defined, then the <code>RMIClassLoader</code> static
* methods
*
* <ul>
*
* <li>{@link #loadClass(URL,String)}
* <li>{@link #loadClass(String,String)}
* <li>{@link #loadClass(String,String,ClassLoader)}
* <li>{@link #loadProxyClass(String,String[],ClassLoader)}
* <li>{@link #getClassLoader(String)}
* <li>{@link #getClassAnnotation(Class)}
*
* </ul>
*
* will use the canonical instance of the default provider
* as the service provider instance.
*
* <p>If there is a security manager, its
* <code>checkPermission</code> method will be invoked with a
* <code>RuntimePermission("setFactory")</code> permission; this
* could result in a <code>SecurityException</code>.
*
* <p>The default service provider instance implements
* {@link RMIClassLoaderSpi} as follows:
*
* <blockquote>
*
* <p>The <b>{@link RMIClassLoaderSpi#getClassAnnotation(Class)
* getClassAnnotation}</b> method returns a <code>String</code>
* representing the codebase URL path that a remote party should
* use to download the definition for the specified class. The
* format of the returned string is a path of URLs separated by
* spaces.
*
* The codebase string returned depends on the defining class
* loader of the specified class:
*
* <ul>
*
* <p><li>If the class loader is the system class loader (see
* {@link ClassLoader#getSystemClassLoader}), a parent of the
* system class loader such as the loader used for installed
* extensions, or the bootstrap class loader (which may be
* represented by <code>null</code>), then the value of the
* <code>java.rmi.server.codebase</code> property (or possibly an
* earlier cached value) is returned, or
* <code>null</code> is returned if that property is not set.
*
* <p><li>Otherwise, if the class loader is an instance of
* <code>URLClassLoader</code>, then the returned string is a
* space-separated list of the external forms of the URLs returned
* by invoking the <code>getURLs</code> methods of the loader. If
* the <code>URLClassLoader</code> was created by this provider to
* service an invocation of its <code>loadClass</code> or
* <code>loadProxyClass</code> methods, then no permissions are
* required to get the associated codebase string. If it is an
* arbitrary other <code>URLClassLoader</code> instance, then if
* there is a security manager, its <code>checkPermission</code>
* method will be invoked once for each URL returned by the
* <code>getURLs</code> method, with the permission returned by
* invoking <code>openConnection().getPermission()</code> on each
* URL; if any of those invocations throws a
* <code>SecurityException</code> or an <code>IOException</code>,
* then the value of the <code>java.rmi.server.codebase</code>
* property (or possibly an earlier cached value) is returned, or
* <code>null</code> is returned if that property is not set.
*
* <p><li>Finally, if the class loader is not an instance of
* <code>URLClassLoader</code>, then the value of the
* <code>java.rmi.server.codebase</code> property (or possibly an
* earlier cached value) is returned, or
* <code>null</code> is returned if that property is not set.
*
* </ul>
*
* <p>For the implementations of the methods described below,
* which all take a <code>String</code> parameter named
* <code>codebase</code> that is a space-separated list of URLs,
* each invocation has an associated <i>codebase loader</i> that
* is identified using the <code>codebase</code> argument in
* conjunction with the current thread's context class loader (see
* {@link Thread#getContextClassLoader()}). When there is a
* security manager, this provider maintains an internal table of
* class loader instances (which are at least instances of {@link
* java.net.URLClassLoader}) keyed by the pair of their parent
* class loader and their codebase URL path (an ordered list of
* URLs). If the <code>codebase</code> argument is <code>null</code>,
* the codebase URL path is the value of the system property
* <code>java.rmi.server.codebase</code> or possibly an
* earlier cached value. For a given codebase URL path passed as the
* <code>codebase</code> argument to an invocation of one of the
* below methods in a given context, the codebase loader is the
* loader in the table with the specified codebase URL path and
* the current thread's context class loader as its parent. If no
* such loader exists, then one is created and added to the table.
* The table does not maintain strong references to its contained
* loaders, in order to allow them and their defined classes to be
* garbage collected when not otherwise reachable. In order to
* prevent arbitrary untrusted code from being implicitly loaded
* into a virtual machine with no security manager, if there is no
* security manager set, the codebase loader is just the current
* thread's context class loader (the supplied codebase URL path
* is ignored, so remote class loading is disabled).
*
* <p>The <b>{@link RMIClassLoaderSpi#getClassLoader(String)
* getClassLoader}</b> method returns the codebase loader for the
* specified codebase URL path. If there is a security manager,
* then if the calling context does not have permission to connect
* to all of the URLs in the codebase URL path, a
* <code>SecurityException</code> will be thrown.
*
* <p>The <b>{@link
* RMIClassLoaderSpi#loadClass(String,String,ClassLoader)
* loadClass}</b> method attempts to load the class with the
* specified name as follows:
*
* <blockquote>
*
* If the <code>defaultLoader</code> argument is
* non-<code>null</code>, it first attempts to load the class with the
* specified <code>name</code> using the
* <code>defaultLoader</code>, such as by evaluating
*
* <pre>
* Class.forName(name, false, defaultLoader)
* </pre>
*
* If the class is successfully loaded from the
* <code>defaultLoader</code>, that class is returned. If an
* exception other than <code>ClassNotFoundException</code> is
* thrown, that exception is thrown to the caller.
*
* <p>Next, the <code>loadClass</code> method attempts to load the
* class with the specified <code>name</code> using the codebase
* loader for the specified codebase URL path.
* If there is a security manager, then the calling context
* must have permission to connect to all of the URLs in the
* codebase URL path; otherwise, the current thread's context
* class loader will be used instead of the codebase loader.
*
* </blockquote>
*
* <p>The <b>{@link
* RMIClassLoaderSpi#loadProxyClass(String,String[],ClassLoader)
* loadProxyClass}</b> method attempts to return a dynamic proxy
* class with the named interface as follows:
*
* <blockquote>
*
* <p>If the <code>defaultLoader</code> argument is
* non-<code>null</code> and all of the named interfaces can be
* resolved through that loader, then,
*
* <ul>
*
* <li>if all of the resolved interfaces are <code>public</code>,
* then it first attempts to obtain a dynamic proxy class (using
* {@link
* java.lang.reflect.Proxy#getProxyClass(ClassLoader,Class[])
* Proxy.getProxyClass}) for the resolved interfaces defined in
* the codebase loader; if that attempt throws an
* <code>IllegalArgumentException</code>, it then attempts to
* obtain a dynamic proxy class for the resolved interfaces
* defined in the <code>defaultLoader</code>. If both attempts
* throw <code>IllegalArgumentException</code>, then this method
* throws a <code>ClassNotFoundException</code>. If any other
* exception is thrown, that exception is thrown to the caller.
*
* <li>if all of the non-<code>public</code> resolved interfaces
* are defined in the same class loader, then it attempts to
* obtain a dynamic proxy class for the resolved interfaces
* defined in that loader.
*
* <li>otherwise, a <code>LinkageError</code> is thrown (because a
* class that implements all of the specified interfaces cannot be
* defined in any loader).
*
* </ul>
*
* <p>Otherwise, if all of the named interfaces can be resolved
* through the codebase loader, then,
*
* <ul>
*
* <li>if all of the resolved interfaces are <code>public</code>,
* then it attempts to obtain a dynamic proxy class for the
* resolved interfaces in the codebase loader. If the attempt
* throws an <code>IllegalArgumentException</code>, then this
* method throws a <code>ClassNotFoundException</code>.
*
* <li>if all of the non-<code>public</code> resolved interfaces
* are defined in the same class loader, then it attempts to
* obtain a dynamic proxy class for the resolved interfaces
* defined in that loader.
*
* <li>otherwise, a <code>LinkageError</code> is thrown (because a
* class that implements all of the specified interfaces cannot be
* defined in any loader).
*
* </ul>
*
* <p>Otherwise, a <code>ClassNotFoundException</code> is thrown
* for one of the named interfaces that could not be resolved.
*
* </blockquote>
*
* </blockquote>
*
* @return the canonical instance of the default service provider
*
* @throws SecurityException if there is a security manager and the
* invocation of its <code>checkPermission</code> method fails
*
* @since 1.4
*/
public static RMIClassLoaderSpi getDefaultProviderInstance() {
SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
if (sm != null) {
sm.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("setFactory"));
}
return defaultProvider;
}
/**
* Returns the security context of the given class loader.
*
* @param loader a class loader from which to get the security context
*
* @return the security context
*
* @deprecated no replacement. As of the Java 2 platform v1.2, RMI no
* longer uses this method to obtain a class loader's security context.
* @see java.lang.SecurityManager#getSecurityContext()
*/
@Deprecated
public static Object getSecurityContext(ClassLoader loader)
{
return sun.rmi.server.LoaderHandler.getSecurityContext(loader);
}
/**
* Creates an instance of the default provider class.
*/
private static RMIClassLoaderSpi newDefaultProviderInstance() {
return new RMIClassLoaderSpi() {
public Class loadClass(String codebase, String name,
ClassLoader defaultLoader)
throws MalformedURLException, ClassNotFoundException
{
return sun.rmi.server.LoaderHandler.loadClass(
codebase, name, defaultLoader);
}
public Class loadProxyClass(String codebase, String[] interfaces,
ClassLoader defaultLoader)
throws MalformedURLException, ClassNotFoundException
{
return sun.rmi.server.LoaderHandler.loadProxyClass(
codebase, interfaces, defaultLoader);
}
public ClassLoader getClassLoader(String codebase)
throws MalformedURLException
{
return sun.rmi.server.LoaderHandler.getClassLoader(codebase);
}
public String getClassAnnotation(Class<?> cl) {
return sun.rmi.server.LoaderHandler.getClassAnnotation(cl);
}
};
}
/**
* Chooses provider instance, following above documentation.
*
* This method assumes that it has been invoked in a privileged block.
*/
private static RMIClassLoaderSpi initializeProvider() {
/*
* First check for the system property being set:
*/
String providerClassName =
System.getProperty("java.rmi.server.RMIClassLoaderSpi");
if (providerClassName != null) {
if (providerClassName.equals("default")) {
return defaultProvider;
}
try {
Class providerClass =
Class.forName(providerClassName, false,
ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader());
return (RMIClassLoaderSpi) providerClass.newInstance();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
throw new NoClassDefFoundError(e.getMessage());
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
throw new InstantiationError(e.getMessage());
} catch (ClassCastException e) {
Error error = new LinkageError(
"provider class not assignable to RMIClassLoaderSpi");
error.initCause(e);
throw error;
}
}
/*
* Next look for a provider configuration file intalled:
*/
Iterator iter = Service.providers(RMIClassLoaderSpi.class,
ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader());
if (iter.hasNext()) {
try {
return (RMIClassLoaderSpi) iter.next();
} catch (ClassCastException e) {
Error error = new LinkageError(
"provider class not assignable to RMIClassLoaderSpi");
error.initCause(e);
throw error;
}
}
/*
* Finally, return the canonical instance of the default provider.
*/
return defaultProvider;
}
}
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