/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package javax.security.auth;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.security.AccessControlContext;
import java.security.AccessController;
import java.security.DomainCombiner;
import java.security.Permission;
import java.security.Principal;
import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
import java.security.PrivilegedActionException;
import java.security.PrivilegedExceptionAction;
import java.security.ProtectionDomain;
import java.util.AbstractSet;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Set;
import org.apache.harmony.auth.internal.nls.Messages;
/**
* The central class of the {@code javax.security.auth} package representing an
* authenticated user or entity (both referred to as "subject"). IT defines also
* the static methods that allow code to be run, and do modifications according
* to the subject's permissions.
* <p>
* A subject has the following features:
* <ul>
* <li>A set of {@code Principal} objects specifying the identities bound to a
* {@code Subject} that distinguish it.</li>
* <li>Credentials (public and private) such as certificates, keys, or
* authentication proofs such as tickets</li>
* </ul>
* </p>
* @since Android 1.0
*/
public final class Subject implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -8308522755600156056L;
private static final AuthPermission _AS = new AuthPermission("doAs"); //$NON-NLS-1$
private static final AuthPermission _AS_PRIVILEGED = new AuthPermission(
"doAsPrivileged"); //$NON-NLS-1$
private static final AuthPermission _SUBJECT = new AuthPermission(
"getSubject"); //$NON-NLS-1$
private static final AuthPermission _PRINCIPALS = new AuthPermission(
"modifyPrincipals"); //$NON-NLS-1$
private static final AuthPermission _PRIVATE_CREDENTIALS = new AuthPermission(
"modifyPrivateCredentials"); //$NON-NLS-1$
private static final AuthPermission _PUBLIC_CREDENTIALS = new AuthPermission(
"modifyPublicCredentials"); //$NON-NLS-1$
private static final AuthPermission _READ_ONLY = new AuthPermission(
"setReadOnly"); //$NON-NLS-1$
private final Set<Principal> principals;
private boolean readOnly;
// set of private credentials
private transient SecureSet<Object> privateCredentials;
// set of public credentials
private transient SecureSet<Object> publicCredentials;
/**
* The default constructor initializing the sets of public and private
* credentials and principals with the empty set.
*/
public Subject() {
super();
principals = new SecureSet<Principal>(_PRINCIPALS);
publicCredentials = new SecureSet<Object>(_PUBLIC_CREDENTIALS);
privateCredentials = new SecureSet<Object>(_PRIVATE_CREDENTIALS);
readOnly = false;
}
/**
* The constructor for the subject, setting its public and private
* credentials and principals according to the arguments.
*
* @param readOnly
* {@code true} if this {@code Subject} is read-only, thus
* preventing any modifications to be done.
* @param subjPrincipals
* the set of Principals that are attributed to this {@code
* Subject}.
* @param pubCredentials
* the set of public credentials that distinguish this {@code
* Subject}.
* @param privCredentials
* the set of private credentials that distinguish this {@code
* Subject}.
*/
public Subject(boolean readOnly, Set<? extends Principal> subjPrincipals,
Set<?> pubCredentials, Set<?> privCredentials) {
if (subjPrincipals == null || pubCredentials == null || privCredentials == null) {
throw new NullPointerException();
}
principals = new SecureSet<Principal>(_PRINCIPALS, subjPrincipals);
publicCredentials = new SecureSet<Object>(_PUBLIC_CREDENTIALS, pubCredentials);
privateCredentials = new SecureSet<Object>(_PRIVATE_CREDENTIALS, privCredentials);
this.readOnly = readOnly;
}
/**
* Runs the code defined by {@code action} using the permissions granted to
* the {@code Subject} itself and to the code as well.
*
* @param subject
* the distinguished {@code Subject}.
* @param action
* the code to be run.
* @return the {@code Object} returned when running the {@code action}.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static Object doAs(Subject subject, PrivilegedAction action) {
checkPermission(_AS);
return doAs_PrivilegedAction(subject, action, AccessController.getContext());
}
/**
* Run the code defined by {@code action} using the permissions granted to
* the {@code Subject} and to the code itself, additionally providing a more
* specific context.
*
* @param subject
* the distinguished {@code Subject}.
* @param action
* the code to be run.
* @param context
* the specific context in which the {@code action} is invoked.
* if {@code null} a new {@link AccessControlContext} is
* instantiated.
* @return the {@code Object} returned when running the {@code action}.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static Object doAsPrivileged(Subject subject, PrivilegedAction action,
AccessControlContext context) {
checkPermission(_AS_PRIVILEGED);
if (context == null) {
return doAs_PrivilegedAction(subject, action, new AccessControlContext(
new ProtectionDomain[0]));
}
return doAs_PrivilegedAction(subject, action, context);
}
// instantiates a new context and passes it to AccessController
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private static Object doAs_PrivilegedAction(Subject subject, PrivilegedAction action,
final AccessControlContext context) {
AccessControlContext newContext;
final SubjectDomainCombiner combiner;
if (subject == null) {
// performance optimization
// if subject is null there is nothing to combine
combiner = null;
} else {
combiner = new SubjectDomainCombiner(subject);
}
PrivilegedAction dccAction = new PrivilegedAction() {
public Object run() {
return new AccessControlContext(context, combiner);
}
};
newContext = (AccessControlContext) AccessController.doPrivileged(dccAction);
return AccessController.doPrivileged(action, newContext);
}
/**
* Runs the code defined by {@code action} using the permissions granted to
* the subject and to the code itself.
*
* @param subject
* the distinguished {@code Subject}.
* @param action
* the code to be run.
* @return the {@code Object} returned when running the {@code action}.
* @throws PrivilegedActionException
* if running the {@code action} throws an exception.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static Object doAs(Subject subject, PrivilegedExceptionAction action)
throws PrivilegedActionException {
checkPermission(_AS);
return doAs_PrivilegedExceptionAction(subject, action, AccessController.getContext());
}
/**
* Runs the code defined by {@code action} using the permissions granted to
* the subject and to the code itself, additionally providing a more
* specific context.
*
* @param subject
* the distinguished {@code Subject}.
* @param action
* the code to be run.
* @param context
* the specific context in which the {@code action} is invoked.
* if {@code null} a new {@link AccessControlContext} is
* instantiated.
* @return the {@code Object} returned when running the {@code action}.
* @throws PrivilegedActionException
* if running the {@code action} throws an exception.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static Object doAsPrivileged(Subject subject,
PrivilegedExceptionAction action, AccessControlContext context)
throws PrivilegedActionException {
checkPermission(_AS_PRIVILEGED);
if (context == null) {
return doAs_PrivilegedExceptionAction(subject, action,
new AccessControlContext(new ProtectionDomain[0]));
}
return doAs_PrivilegedExceptionAction(subject, action, context);
}
// instantiates a new context and passes it to AccessController
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private static Object doAs_PrivilegedExceptionAction(Subject subject,
PrivilegedExceptionAction action, final AccessControlContext context)
throws PrivilegedActionException {
AccessControlContext newContext;
final SubjectDomainCombiner combiner;
if (subject == null) {
// performance optimization
// if subject is null there is nothing to combine
combiner = null;
} else {
combiner = new SubjectDomainCombiner(subject);
}
PrivilegedAction<AccessControlContext> dccAction = new PrivilegedAction<AccessControlContext>() {
public AccessControlContext run() {
return new AccessControlContext(context, combiner);
}
};
newContext = AccessController.doPrivileged(dccAction);
return AccessController.doPrivileged(action, newContext);
}
/**
* Checks two Subjects for equality. More specifically if the principals,
* public and private credentials are equal, equality for two {@code
* Subjects} is implied.
*
* @param obj
* the {@code Object} checked for equality with this {@code
* Subject}.
* @return {@code true} if the specified {@code Subject} is equal to this
* one.
*/
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (this == obj) {
return true;
}
if (obj == null || this.getClass() != obj.getClass()) {
return false;
}
Subject that = (Subject) obj;
if (principals.equals(that.principals)
&& publicCredentials.equals(that.publicCredentials)
&& privateCredentials.equals(that.privateCredentials)) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
/**
* Returns this {@code Subject}'s {@link Principal}.
*
* @return this {@code Subject}'s {@link Principal}.
*/
public Set<Principal> getPrincipals() {
return principals;
}
/**
* Returns this {@code Subject}'s {@link Principal} which is a subclass of
* the {@code Class} provided.
*
* @param c
* the {@code Class} as a criteria which the {@code Principal}
* returned must satisfy.
* @return this {@code Subject}'s {@link Principal}. Modifications to the
* returned set of {@code Principal}s do not affect this {@code
* Subject}'s set.
*/
public <T extends Principal> Set<T> getPrincipals(Class<T> c) {
return ((SecureSet<Principal>) principals).get(c);
}
/**
* Returns the private credentials associated with this {@code Subject}.
*
* @return the private credentials associated with this {@code Subject}.
*/
public Set<Object> getPrivateCredentials() {
return privateCredentials;
}
/**
* Returns this {@code Subject}'s private credentials which are a subclass
* of the {@code Class} provided.
*
* @param c
* the {@code Class} as a criteria which the private credentials
* returned must satisfy.
* @return this {@code Subject}'s private credentials. Modifications to the
* returned set of credentials do not affect this {@code Subject}'s
* credentials.
*/
public <T> Set<T> getPrivateCredentials(Class<T> c) {
return privateCredentials.get(c);
}
/**
* Returns the public credentials associated with this {@code Subject}.
*
* @return the public credentials associated with this {@code Subject}.
*/
public Set<Object> getPublicCredentials() {
return publicCredentials;
}
/**
* Returns this {@code Subject}'s public credentials which are a subclass of
* the {@code Class} provided.
*
* @param c
* the {@code Class} as a criteria which the public credentials
* returned must satisfy.
* @return this {@code Subject}'s public credentials. Modifications to the
* returned set of credentials do not affect this {@code Subject}'s
* credentials.
*/
public <T> Set<T> getPublicCredentials(Class<T> c) {
return publicCredentials.get(c);
}
/**
* Returns a hash code of this {@code Subject}.
*
* @return a hash code of this {@code Subject}.
*/
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return principals.hashCode() + privateCredentials.hashCode()
+ publicCredentials.hashCode();
}
/**
* Prevents from modifications being done to the credentials and {@link
* Principal} sets. After setting it to read-only this {@code Subject} can
* not be made writable again. The destroy method on the credentials still
* works though.
*/
public void setReadOnly() {
checkPermission(_READ_ONLY);
readOnly = true;
}
/**
* Returns whether this {@code Subject} is read-only or not.
*
* @return whether this {@code Subject} is read-only or not.
*/
public boolean isReadOnly() {
return readOnly;
}
/**
* Returns a {@code String} representation of this {@code Subject}.
*
* @return a {@code String} representation of this {@code Subject}.
*/
@Override
public String toString() {
StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer("Subject:\n"); //$NON-NLS-1$
Iterator<?> it = principals.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
buf.append("\tPrincipal: "); //$NON-NLS-1$
buf.append(it.next());
buf.append('\n');
}
it = publicCredentials.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
buf.append("\tPublic Credential: "); //$NON-NLS-1$
buf.append(it.next());
buf.append('\n');
}
int offset = buf.length() - 1;
it = privateCredentials.iterator();
try {
while (it.hasNext()) {
buf.append("\tPrivate Credential: "); //$NON-NLS-1$
buf.append(it.next());
buf.append('\n');
}
} catch (SecurityException e) {
buf.delete(offset, buf.length());
buf.append("\tPrivate Credentials: no accessible information\n"); //$NON-NLS-1$
}
return buf.toString();
}
private void readObject(ObjectInputStream in) throws IOException,
ClassNotFoundException {
in.defaultReadObject();
publicCredentials = new SecureSet<Object>(_PUBLIC_CREDENTIALS);
privateCredentials = new SecureSet<Object>(_PRIVATE_CREDENTIALS);
}
private void writeObject(ObjectOutputStream out) throws IOException {
out.defaultWriteObject();
}
/**
* Returns the {@code Subject} that was last associated with the {@code
* context} provided as argument.
*
* @param context
* the {@code context} that was associated with the
* {@code Subject}.
* @return the {@code Subject} that was last associated with the {@code
* context} provided as argument.
*/
public static Subject getSubject(final AccessControlContext context) {
checkPermission(_SUBJECT);
if (context == null) {
throw new NullPointerException(Messages.getString("auth.09")); //$NON-NLS-1$
}
PrivilegedAction<DomainCombiner> action = new PrivilegedAction<DomainCombiner>() {
public DomainCombiner run() {
return context.getDomainCombiner();
}
};
DomainCombiner combiner = AccessController.doPrivileged(action);
if ((combiner == null) || !(combiner instanceof SubjectDomainCombiner)) {
return null;
}
return ((SubjectDomainCombiner) combiner).getSubject();
}
// checks passed permission
private static void checkPermission(Permission p) {
SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
if (sm != null) {
sm.checkPermission(p);
}
}
// FIXME is used only in two places. remove?
private void checkState() {
if (readOnly) {
throw new IllegalStateException(Messages.getString("auth.0A")); //$NON-NLS-1$
}
}
private final class SecureSet<SST> extends AbstractSet<SST> implements Serializable {
/**
* Compatibility issue: see comments for setType variable
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 7911754171111800359L;
private LinkedList<SST> elements;
/*
* Is used to define a set type for serialization.
*
* A type can be principal, priv. or pub. credential set. The spec.
* doesn't clearly says that priv. and pub. credential sets can be
* serialized and what classes they are. It is only possible to figure
* out from writeObject method comments that priv. credential set is
* serializable and it is an instance of SecureSet class. So pub.
* credential was implemented by analogy
*
* Compatibility issue: the class follows its specified serial form.
* Also according to the serialization spec. adding new field is a
* compatible change. So is ok for principal set (because the default
* value for integer is zero). But priv. or pub. credential set it is
* not compatible because most probably other implementations resolve
* this issue in other way
*/
private int setType;
// Defines principal set for serialization.
private static final int SET_Principal = 0;
// Defines private credential set for serialization.
private static final int SET_PrivCred = 1;
// Defines public credential set for serialization.
private static final int SET_PubCred = 2;
// permission required to modify set
private transient AuthPermission permission;
protected SecureSet(AuthPermission perm) {
permission = perm;
elements = new LinkedList<SST>();
}
// creates set from specified collection with specified permission
// all collection elements are verified before adding
protected SecureSet(AuthPermission perm, Collection<? extends SST> s) {
this(perm);
// Subject's constructor receives a Set, we can trusts if a set is from bootclasspath,
// and not to check whether it contains duplicates or not
boolean trust = s.getClass().getClassLoader() == null;
Iterator<? extends SST> it = s.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
SST o = it.next();
verifyElement(o);
if (trust || !elements.contains(o)) {
elements.add(o);
}
}
}
// verifies new set element
private void verifyElement(Object o) {
if (o == null) {
throw new NullPointerException();
}
if (permission == _PRINCIPALS && !(Principal.class.isAssignableFrom(o.getClass()))) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(Messages.getString("auth.0B")); //$NON-NLS-1$
}
}
/*
* verifies specified element, checks set state, and security permission
* to modify set before adding new element
*/
@Override
public boolean add(SST o) {
verifyElement(o);
checkState();
checkPermission(permission);
if (!elements.contains(o)) {
elements.add(o);
return true;
}
return false;
}
// returns an instance of SecureIterator
@Override
public Iterator<SST> iterator() {
if (permission == _PRIVATE_CREDENTIALS) {
/*
* private credential set requires iterator with additional
* security check (PrivateCredentialPermission)
*/
return new SecureIterator(elements.iterator()) {
/*
* checks permission to access next private credential moves
* to the next element even SecurityException was thrown
*/
@Override
public SST next() {
SST obj = iterator.next();
checkPermission(new PrivateCredentialPermission(obj
.getClass().getName(), principals));
return obj;
}
};
}
return new SecureIterator(elements.iterator());
}
@Override
public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) {
if (c == null) {
throw new NullPointerException();
}
return super.retainAll(c);
}
@Override
public int size() {
return elements.size();
}
/**
* return set with elements that are instances or subclasses of the
* specified class
*/
protected final <E> Set<E> get(final Class<E> c) {
if (c == null) {
throw new NullPointerException();
}
AbstractSet<E> s = new AbstractSet<E>() {
private LinkedList<E> elements = new LinkedList<E>();
@Override
public boolean add(E o) {
if (!c.isAssignableFrom(o.getClass())) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
Messages.getString("auth.0C", c.getName())); //$NON-NLS-1$
}
if (elements.contains(o)) {
return false;
}
elements.add(o);
return true;
}
@Override
public Iterator<E> iterator() {
return elements.iterator();
}
@Override
public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) {
if (c == null) {
throw new NullPointerException();
}
return super.retainAll(c);
}
@Override
public int size() {
return elements.size();
}
};
// FIXME must have permissions for requested priv. credentials
for (Iterator<SST> it = iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
SST o = it.next();
if (c.isAssignableFrom(o.getClass())) {
s.add(c.cast(o));
}
}
return s;
}
private void readObject(ObjectInputStream in) throws IOException,
ClassNotFoundException {
in.defaultReadObject();
switch (setType) {
case SET_Principal:
permission = _PRINCIPALS;
break;
case SET_PrivCred:
permission = _PRIVATE_CREDENTIALS;
break;
case SET_PubCred:
permission = _PUBLIC_CREDENTIALS;
break;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
}
Iterator<SST> it = elements.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
verifyElement(it.next());
}
}
private void writeObject(ObjectOutputStream out) throws IOException {
if (permission == _PRIVATE_CREDENTIALS) {
// does security check for each private credential
for (Iterator<SST> it = iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
it.next();
}
setType = SET_PrivCred;
} else if (permission == _PRINCIPALS) {
setType = SET_Principal;
} else {
setType = SET_PubCred;
}
out.defaultWriteObject();
}
/**
* Represents iterator for subject's secure set
*/
private class SecureIterator implements Iterator<SST> {
protected Iterator<SST> iterator;
protected SecureIterator(Iterator<SST> iterator) {
this.iterator = iterator;
}
public boolean hasNext() {
return iterator.hasNext();
}
public SST next() {
return iterator.next();
}
/**
* checks set state, and security permission to modify set before
* removing current element
*/
public void remove() {
checkState();
checkPermission(permission);
iterator.remove();
}
}
}
}
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