/*
* @(#)EventHandler.java 1.21 06/05/23
*
* Copyright 2006 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
* SUN PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
*/
package java.beans;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.security.AccessControlContext;
import java.security.AccessController;
import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
import java.util.EventObject;
import sun.reflect.misc.MethodUtil;
/**
* The <code>EventHandler</code> class provides
* support for dynamically generating event listeners whose methods
* execute a simple statement involving an incoming event object
* and a target object.
* <p>
* The <code>EventHandler</code> class is intended to be used by interactive tools, such as
* application builders, that allow developers to make connections between
* beans. Typically connections are made from a user interface bean
* (the event <em>source</em>)
* to an application logic bean (the <em>target</em>). The most effective
* connections of this kind isolate the application logic from the user
* interface. For example, the <code>EventHandler</code> for a
* connection from a <code>JCheckBox</code> to a method
* that accepts a boolean value can deal with extracting the state
* of the check box and passing it directly to the method so that
* the method is isolated from the user interface layer.
* <p>
* Inner classes are another, more general way to handle events from
* user interfaces. The <code>EventHandler</code> class
* handles only a subset of what is possible using inner
* classes. However, <code>EventHandler</code> works better
* with the long-term persistence scheme than inner classes.
* Also, using <code>EventHandler</code> in large applications in
* which the same interface is implemented many times can
* reduce the disk and memory footprint of the application.
* <p>
* The reason that listeners created with <code>EventHandler</code>
* have such a small
* footprint is that the <code>Proxy</code> class, on which
* the <code>EventHandler</code> relies, shares implementations
* of identical
* interfaces. For example, if you use
* the <code>EventHandler</code> <code>create</code> methods to make
* all the <code>ActionListener</code>s in an application,
* all the action listeners will be instances of a single class
* (one created by the <code>Proxy</code> class).
* In general, listeners based on
* the <code>Proxy</code> class require one listener class
* to be created per <em>listener type</em> (interface),
* whereas the inner class
* approach requires one class to be created per <em>listener</em>
* (object that implements the interface).
*
* <p>
* You don't generally deal directly with <code>EventHandler</code>
* instances.
* Instead, you use one of the <code>EventHandler</code>
* <code>create</code> methods to create
* an object that implements a given listener interface.
* This listener object uses an <code>EventHandler</code> object
* behind the scenes to encapsulate information about the
* event, the object to be sent a message when the event occurs,
* the message (method) to be sent, and any argument
* to the method.
* The following section gives examples of how to create listener
* objects using the <code>create</code> methods.
*
* <h2>Examples of Using EventHandler</h2>
*
* The simplest use of <code>EventHandler</code> is to install
* a listener that calls a method on the target object with no arguments.
* In the following example we create an <code>ActionListener</code>
* that invokes the <code>toFront</code> method on an instance
* of <code>javax.swing.JFrame</code>.
*
* <blockquote>
*<pre>
*myButton.addActionListener(
* (ActionListener)EventHandler.create(ActionListener.class, frame, "toFront"));
*</pre>
* </blockquote>
*
* When <code>myButton</code> is pressed, the statement
* <code>frame.toFront()</code> will be executed. One could get
* the same effect, with some additional compile-time type safety,
* by defining a new implementation of the <code>ActionListener</code>
* interface and adding an instance of it to the button:
*
* <blockquote>
*<pre>
//Equivalent code using an inner class instead of EventHandler.
*myButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
* public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
* frame.toFront();
* }
*});
*</pre>
* </blockquote>
*
* The next simplest use of <code>EventHandler</code> is
* to extract a property value from the first argument
* of the method in the listener interface (typically an event object)
* and use it to set the value of a property in the target object.
* In the following example we create an <code>ActionListener</code> that
* sets the <code>nextFocusableComponent</code> property of the target
* (myButton) object to the value of the "source" property of the event.
*
* <blockquote>
*<pre>
*EventHandler.create(ActionListener.class, myButton, "nextFocusableComponent", "source")
*</pre>
* </blockquote>
*
* This would correspond to the following inner class implementation:
*
* <blockquote>
*<pre>
//Equivalent code using an inner class instead of EventHandler.
*new ActionListener() {
* public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
* myButton.setNextFocusableComponent((Component)e.getSource());
* }
*}
*</pre>
* </blockquote>
*
* It's also possible to create an <code>EventHandler</code> that
* just passes the incoming event object to the target's action.
* If the fourth <code>EventHandler.create</code> argument is
* an empty string, then the event is just passed along:
*
* <blockquote>
*<pre>
*EventHandler.create(ActionListener.class, target, "doActionEvent", "")
*</pre>
* </blockquote>
*
* This would correspond to the following inner class implementation:
*
* <blockquote>
*<pre>
//Equivalent code using an inner class instead of EventHandler.
*new ActionListener() {
* public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
* target.doActionEvent(e);
* }
*}
*</pre>
* </blockquote>
*
* Probably the most common use of <code>EventHandler</code>
* is to extract a property value from the
* <em>source</em> of the event object and set this value as
* the value of a property of the target object.
* In the following example we create an <code>ActionListener</code> that
* sets the "label" property of the target
* object to the value of the "text" property of the
* source (the value of the "source" property) of the event.
*
* <blockquote>
*<pre>
*EventHandler.create(ActionListener.class, myButton, "label", "source.text")
*</pre>
* </blockquote>
*
* This would correspond to the following inner class implementation:
*
* <blockquote>
*<pre>
//Equivalent code using an inner class instead of EventHandler.
*new ActionListener {
* public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
* myButton.setLabel(((JTextField)e.getSource()).getText());
* }
*}
*</pre>
* </blockquote>
*
* The event property may be "qualified" with an arbitrary number
* of property prefixes delimited with the "." character. The "qualifying"
* names that appear before the "." characters are taken as the names of
* properties that should be applied, left-most first, to
* the event object.
* <p>
* For example, the following action listener
*
* <blockquote>
*<pre>
*EventHandler.create(ActionListener.class, target, "a", "b.c.d")
*</pre>
* </blockquote>
*
* might be written as the following inner class
* (assuming all the properties had canonical getter methods and
* returned the appropriate types):
*
* <blockquote>
*<pre>
//Equivalent code using an inner class instead of EventHandler.
*new ActionListener {
* public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
* target.setA(e.getB().getC().isD());
* }
*}
*</pre>
* </blockquote>
* The target property may also be "qualified" with an arbitrary number
* of property prefixs delimited with the "." character. For example, the
* following action listener:
* <pre>
* EventHandler.create(ActionListener.class, target, "a.b", "c.d")
* </pre>
* might be written as the following inner class
* (assuming all the properties had canonical getter methods and
* returned the appropriate types):
* <pre>
* //Equivalent code using an inner class instead of EventHandler.
* new ActionListener {
* public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
* target.getA().setB(e.getC().isD());
* }
*}
*</pre>
* <p>
* As <code>EventHandler</code> ultimately relies on reflection to invoke
* a method we recommend against targeting an overloaded method. For example,
* if the target is an instance of the class <code>MyTarget</code> which is
* defined as:
* <pre>
* public class MyTarget {
* public void doIt(String);
* public void doIt(Object);
* }
* </pre>
* Then the method <code>doIt</code> is overloaded. EventHandler will invoke
* the method that is appropriate based on the source. If the source is
* null, then either method is appropriate and the one that is invoked is
* undefined. For that reason we recommend against targeting overloaded
* methods.
*
* @see java.lang.reflect.Proxy
* @see java.util.EventObject
*
* @since 1.4
*
* @author Mark Davidson
* @author Philip Milne
* @author Hans Muller
*
* @version 1.21, 05/23/06
*/
public class EventHandler implements InvocationHandler {
private Object target;
private String action;
private String eventPropertyName;
private String listenerMethodName;
private AccessControlContext acc;
/**
* Creates a new <code>EventHandler</code> object;
* you generally use one of the <code>create</code> methods
* instead of invoking this constructor directly. Refer to
* {@link java.beans.EventHandler#create(Class, Object, String, String)
* the general version of create} for a complete description of
* the <code>eventPropertyName</code> and <code>listenerMethodName</code>
* parameter.
*
* @param target the object that will perform the action
* @param action the name of a (possibly qualified) property or method on
* the target
* @param eventPropertyName the (possibly qualified) name of a readable property of the incoming event
* @param listenerMethodName the name of the method in the listener interface that should trigger the action
*
* @throws NullPointerException if <code>target</code> is null
* @throws NullPointerException if <code>action</code> is null
*
* @see EventHandler
* @see #create(Class, Object, String, String, String)
* @see #getTarget
* @see #getAction
* @see #getEventPropertyName
* @see #getListenerMethodName
*/
public EventHandler(Object target, String action, String eventPropertyName, String listenerMethodName) {
this.acc = AccessController.getContext();
this.target = target;
this.action = action;
if (target == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("target must be non-null");
}
if (action == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("action must be non-null");
}
this.eventPropertyName = eventPropertyName;
this.listenerMethodName = listenerMethodName;
}
/**
* Returns the object to which this event handler will send a message.
*
* @return the target of this event handler
* @see #EventHandler(Object, String, String, String)
*/
public Object getTarget() {
return target;
}
/**
* Returns the name of the target's writable property
* that this event handler will set,
* or the name of the method that this event handler
* will invoke on the target.
*
* @return the action of this event handler
* @see #EventHandler(Object, String, String, String)
*/
public String getAction() {
return action;
}
/**
* Returns the property of the event that should be
* used in the action applied to the target.
*
* @return the property of the event
*
* @see #EventHandler(Object, String, String, String)
*/
public String getEventPropertyName() {
return eventPropertyName;
}
/**
* Returns the name of the method that will trigger the action.
* A return value of <code>null</code> signifies that all methods in the
* listener interface trigger the action.
*
* @return the name of the method that will trigger the action
*
* @see #EventHandler(Object, String, String, String)
*/
public String getListenerMethodName() {
return listenerMethodName;
}
private Object applyGetters(Object target, String getters) {
if (getters == null || getters.equals("")) {
return target;
}
int firstDot = getters.indexOf('.');
if (firstDot == -1) {
firstDot = getters.length();
}
String first = getters.substring(0, firstDot);
String rest = getters.substring(Math.min(firstDot + 1, getters.length()));
try {
Method getter = null;
if (target != null) {
getter = ReflectionUtils.getMethod(target.getClass(),
"get" + NameGenerator.capitalize(first),
new Class[]{});
if (getter == null) {
getter = ReflectionUtils.getMethod(target.getClass(),
"is" + NameGenerator.capitalize(first),
new Class[]{});
}
if (getter == null) {
getter = ReflectionUtils.getMethod(target.getClass(), first, new Class[]{});
}
}
if (getter == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("No method called: " + first +
" defined on " + target);
}
Object newTarget = MethodUtil.invoke(getter, target, new Object[]{});
return applyGetters(newTarget, rest);
}
catch (Throwable e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failed to call method: " + first +
" on " + target, e);
}
}
/**
* Extract the appropriate property value from the event and
* pass it to the action associated with
* this <code>EventHandler</code>.
*
* @param proxy the proxy object
* @param method the method in the listener interface
* @return the result of applying the action to the target
*
* @see EventHandler
*/
public Object invoke(final Object proxy, final Method method, final Object[] arguments) {
return AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction() {
public Object run() {
return invokeInternal(proxy, method, arguments);
}
}, acc);
}
private Object invokeInternal(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] arguments) {
String methodName = method.getName();
if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) {
// Handle the Object public methods.
if (methodName.equals("hashCode")) {
return new Integer(System.identityHashCode(proxy));
} else if (methodName.equals("equals")) {
return (proxy == arguments[0] ? Boolean.TRUE : Boolean.FALSE);
} else if (methodName.equals("toString")) {
return proxy.getClass().getName() + '@' + Integer.toHexString(proxy.hashCode());
}
}
if (listenerMethodName == null || listenerMethodName.equals(methodName)) {
Class[] argTypes = null;
Object[] newArgs = null;
if (eventPropertyName == null) { // Nullary method.
newArgs = new Object[]{};
argTypes = new Class[]{};
}
else {
Object input = applyGetters(arguments[0], getEventPropertyName());
newArgs = new Object[]{input};
argTypes = new Class[]{input == null ? null :
input.getClass()};
}
try {
int lastDot = action.lastIndexOf('.');
if (lastDot != -1) {
target = applyGetters(target, action.substring(0, lastDot));
action = action.substring(lastDot + 1);
}
Method targetMethod = ReflectionUtils.getMethod(
target.getClass(), action, argTypes);
if (targetMethod == null) {
targetMethod = ReflectionUtils.getMethod(target.getClass(),
"set" + NameGenerator.capitalize(action), argTypes);
}
if (targetMethod == null) {
String argTypeString = (argTypes.length == 0)
? " with no arguments"
: " with argument " + argTypes[0];
throw new RuntimeException(
"No method called " + action + " on " +
target.getClass() + argTypeString);
}
return MethodUtil.invoke(targetMethod, target, newArgs);
}
catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
}
catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(ex.getTargetException());
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* Creates an implementation of <code>listenerInterface</code> in which
* <em>all</em> of the methods in the listener interface apply
* the handler's <code>action</code> to the <code>target</code>. This
* method is implemented by calling the other, more general,
* implementation of the <code>create</code> method with both
* the <code>eventPropertyName</code> and the <code>listenerMethodName</code>
* taking the value <code>null</code>. Refer to
* {@link java.beans.EventHandler#create(Class, Object, String, String)
* the general version of create} for a complete description of
* the <code>action</code> parameter.
* <p>
* To create an <code>ActionListener</code> that shows a
* <code>JDialog</code> with <code>dialog.show()</code>,
* one can write:
*
*<blockquote>
*<pre>
*EventHandler.create(ActionListener.class, dialog, "show")
*</pre>
*</blockquote>
*
* @param listenerInterface the listener interface to create a proxy for
* @param target the object that will perform the action
* @param action the name of a (possibly qualified) property or method on
* the target
* @return an object that implements <code>listenerInterface</code>
*
* @throws NullPointerException if <code>listenerInterface</code> is null
* @throws NullPointerException if <code>target</code> is null
* @throws NullPointerException if <code>action</code> is null
*
* @see #create(Class, Object, String, String)
*/
public static <T> T create(Class<T> listenerInterface,
Object target, String action)
{
return create(listenerInterface, target, action, null, null);
}
/**
/**
* Creates an implementation of <code>listenerInterface</code> in which
* <em>all</em> of the methods pass the value of the event
* expression, <code>eventPropertyName</code>, to the final method in the
* statement, <code>action</code>, which is applied to the <code>target</code>.
* This method is implemented by calling the
* more general, implementation of the <code>create</code> method with
* the <code>listenerMethodName</code> taking the value <code>null</code>.
* Refer to
* {@link java.beans.EventHandler#create(Class, Object, String, String)
* the general version of create} for a complete description of
* the <code>action</code> and <code>eventPropertyName</code> parameters.
* <p>
* To create an <code>ActionListener</code> that sets the
* the text of a <code>JLabel</code> to the text value of
* the <code>JTextField</code> source of the incoming event,
* you can use the following code:
*
*<blockquote>
*<pre>
*EventHandler.create(ActionListener.class, label, "text", "source.text");
*</pre>
*</blockquote>
*
* This is equivalent to the following code:
*<blockquote>
*<pre>
//Equivalent code using an inner class instead of EventHandler.
*new ActionListener() {
* public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {
* label.setText(((JTextField)(event.getSource())).getText());
* }
*};
*</pre>
*</blockquote>
*
* @param listenerInterface the listener interface to create a proxy for
* @param target the object that will perform the action
* @param action the name of a (possibly qualified) property or method on
* the target
* @param eventPropertyName the (possibly qualified) name of a readable property of the incoming event
*
* @return an object that implements <code>listenerInterface</code>
*
* @throws NullPointerException if <code>listenerInterface</code> is null
* @throws NullPointerException if <code>target</code> is null
* @throws NullPointerException if <code>action</code> is null
*
* @see #create(Class, Object, String, String, String)
*/
public static <T> T create(Class<T> listenerInterface,
Object target, String action,
String eventPropertyName)
{
return create(listenerInterface, target, action, eventPropertyName, null);
}
/**
* Creates an implementation of <code>listenerInterface</code> in which
* the method named <code>listenerMethodName</code>
* passes the value of the event expression, <code>eventPropertyName</code>,
* to the final method in the statement, <code>action</code>, which
* is applied to the <code>target</code>. All of the other listener
* methods do nothing.
* <p>
* The <code>eventPropertyName</code> string is used to extract a value
* from the incoming event object that is passed to the target
* method. The common case is the target method takes no arguments, in
* which case a value of null should be used for the
* <code>eventPropertyName</code>. Alternatively if you want
* the incoming event object passed directly to the target method use
* the empty string.
* The format of the <code>eventPropertyName</code> string is a sequence of
* methods or properties where each method or
* property is applied to the value returned by the preceeding method
* starting from the incoming event object.
* The syntax is: <code>propertyName{.propertyName}*</code>
* where <code>propertyName</code> matches a method or
* property. For example, to extract the <code>point</code>
* property from a <code>MouseEvent</code>, you could use either
* <code>"point"</code> or <code>"getPoint"</code> as the
* <code>eventPropertyName</code>. To extract the "text" property from
* a <code>MouseEvent</code> with a <code>JLabel</code> source use any
* of the following as <code>eventPropertyName</code>:
* <code>"source.text"</code>,
* <code>"getSource.text"</code> <code>"getSource.getText"</code> or
* <code>"source.getText"</code>. If a method can not be found, or an
* exception is generated as part of invoking a method a
* <code>RuntimeException</code> will be thrown at dispatch time. For
* example, if the incoming event object is null, and
* <code>eventPropertyName</code> is non-null and not empty, a
* <code>RuntimeException</code> will be thrown.
* <p>
* The <code>action</code> argument is of the same format as the
* <code>eventPropertyName</code> argument where the last property name
* identifies either a method name or writable property.
* <p>
* If the <code>listenerMethodName</code> is <code>null</code>
* <em>all</em> methods in the interface trigger the <code>action</code> to be
* executed on the <code>target</code>.
* <p>
* For example, to create a <code>MouseListener</code> that sets the target
* object's <code>origin</code> property to the incoming <code>MouseEvent</code>'s
* location (that's the value of <code>mouseEvent.getPoint()</code>) each
* time a mouse button is pressed, one would write:
*<blockquote>
*<pre>
*EventHandler.create(MouseListener.class, "mousePressed", target, "origin", "point");
*</pre>
*</blockquote>
*
* This is comparable to writing a <code>MouseListener</code> in which all
* of the methods except <code>mousePressed</code> are no-ops:
*
*<blockquote>
*<pre>
//Equivalent code using an inner class instead of EventHandler.
*new MouseAdapter() {
* public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
* target.setOrigin(e.getPoint());
* }
*};
* </pre>
*</blockquote>
*
* @param listenerInterface the listener interface to create a proxy for
* @param target the object that will perform the action
* @param action the name of a (possibly qualified) property or method on
* the target
* @param eventPropertyName the (possibly qualified) name of a readable property of the incoming event
* @param listenerMethodName the name of the method in the listener interface that should trigger the action
*
* @return an object that implements <code>listenerInterface</code>
*
* @throws NullPointerException if <code>listenerInterface</code> is null
* @throws NullPointerException if <code>target</code> is null
* @throws NullPointerException if <code>action</code> is null
*
* @see EventHandler
*/
public static <T> T create(Class<T> listenerInterface,
Object target, String action,
String eventPropertyName,
String listenerMethodName)
{
// Create this first to verify target/action are non-null
EventHandler eventHandler = new EventHandler(target, action,
eventPropertyName,
listenerMethodName);
if (listenerInterface == null) {
throw new NullPointerException(
"listenerInterface must be non-null");
}
return (T)Proxy.newProxyInstance(target.getClass().getClassLoader(),
new Class[] {listenerInterface},
eventHandler);
}
}
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