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package javax.servlet.jsp.jstl.core;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Iterator;
import javax.el.ValueExpression;
import javax.el.VariableMapper;
import javax.el.ELException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspTagException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.IterationTag;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.TagSupport;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.TryCatchFinally;
/**
* <p>Base support class to facilitate implementation of iteration tags.</p>
*
* <p>Since most iteration tags will behave identically with respect to
* actual iterative behavior, JSTL provides this
* base support class to facilitate implementation. Many iteration tags
* will extend this and merely implement the <tt>hasNext()</tt> and
* <tt>next()</tt> methods
* to provide contents for the handler to iterate over.</p>
*
* <p>In particular, this base class provides support for:</p>
*
* <ul>
* <li> Iteration control, based on protected <tt>prepare()</tt>, <tt>next()</tt>,
* and <tt>hasNext()</tt> methods
* <li> Subsetting (<tt>begin</tt>, <tt>end</tt>, <tt>step></tt>functionality,
* including validation
* of subset parameters for sensibility)
* <li> item retrieval (<tt>getCurrent()</tt>)
* <li> status retrieval (<tt>LoopTagStatus</tt>)
* <li> exposing attributes (set by <tt>var</tt> and <tt>varStatus</tt> attributes)
* </ul>
*
* <p>In providing support for these tasks, <tt>LoopTagSupport</tt> contains
* certain control variables that act to modify the iteration. Accessors
* are provided for these control variables when the variables represent
* information needed or wanted at translation time (e.g., <tt>var</tt>,
* <tt>varStatus</tt>). For
* other variables, accessors cannot be provided here since subclasses
* may differ on their implementations of how those accessors are received.
* For instance, one subclass might accept a <tt>String</tt> and convert it into
* an object of a specific type by using an expression evaluator; others
* might accept objects directly. Still others might not want to expose
* such information to outside control.</p>
*
* @author Shawn Bayern
*/
public abstract class LoopTagSupport
extends TagSupport
implements LoopTag, IterationTag, TryCatchFinally
{
//*********************************************************************
// 'Protected' state
/*
* JavaBean-style properties and other state slaved to them. These
* properties can be set directly by accessors; they will not be
* modified by the LoopTagSupport implementation -- and should
* not be modified by subclasses outside accessors unless those
* subclasses are perfectly aware of what they're doing.
* (An example where such non-accessor modification might be sensible
* is in the doStartTag() method of an EL-aware subclass.)
*/
/** Starting index ('begin' attribute) */
protected int begin;
/**
* Ending index of the iteration ('end' attribute).
* A value of -1 internally indicates 'no end
* specified', although accessors for the core JSTL tags do not
* allow this value to be supplied directly by the user.
*/
protected int end;
/** Iteration step ('step' attribute) */
protected int step;
/** Boolean flag indicating whether 'begin' was specified. */
protected boolean beginSpecified;
/** Boolean flag indicating whether 'end' was specified. */
protected boolean endSpecified;
/** Boolean flag indicating whether 'step' was specified. */
protected boolean stepSpecified;
/** Attribute-exposing control */
protected String itemId, statusId;
/** The deferred expression if any */
protected ValueExpression deferredExpression;
/** A temporary used to hold the previous value (from the enclosing
iteration tag) for the EL variable. */
private ValueExpression oldMappedValue;
//*********************************************************************
// 'Private' state (implementation details)
/*
* State exclusively internal to the default, reference implementation.
* (While this state is kept private to ensure consistency, 'status'
* and 'item' happen to have one-for-one, read-only, accesor methods
* as part of the LoopTag interface.)
*
* 'last' is kept separately for two reasons: (a) to avoid
* running a computation every time it's requested, and (b) to
* let LoopTagStatus.isLast() avoid throwing any exceptions,
* which would complicate subtag and scripting-variable use.
*
* Our 'internal index' begins at 0 and increases by 'step' each
* round; this is arbitrary, but it seemed a simple way of keeping
* track of the information we need. To avoid computing
* getLoopStatus().getCount() by dividing index / step, we keep
* a separate 'count' and increment it by 1 each round (as a minor
* performance improvement).
*/
private LoopTagStatus status; // our LoopTagStatus
private Object item; // the current item
private int index; // the current internal index
private int count; // the iteration count
private boolean last; // current round == last one?
private IteratedExpression iteratedExpression;
// holds an instance shared by all ValueExpression created
// for variableMapper, for iterators.
//*********************************************************************
// Constructor
/**
* Constructs a new LoopTagSupport. As with TagSupport, subclasses
* should not implement constructors with arguments, and no-arguments
* constructors implemented by subclasses must call the superclass
* constructor.
*/
public LoopTagSupport() {
super();
init();
}
//*********************************************************************
// Abstract methods
/**
* <p>Returns the next object over which the tag should iterate. This
* method must be provided by concrete subclasses of LoopTagSupport
* to inform the base logic about what objects it should iterate over.</p>
*
* <p>It is expected that this method will generally be backed by an
* Iterator, but this will not always be the case. In particular, if
* retrieving the next object raises the possibility of an exception
* being thrown, this method allows that exception to propagate back
* to the JSP container as a JspTagException; a standalone Iterator
* would not be able to do this. (This explains why LoopTagSupport
* does not simply call for an Iterator from its subtags.)</p>
*
* @return the java.lang.Object to use in the next round of iteration
* @exception java.util.NoSuchElementException
* if next() is called but no new elements are available
* @exception javax.servlet.jsp.JspTagException
* for other, unexpected exceptions
*/
protected abstract Object next() throws JspTagException;
/**
* <p>Returns information concerning the availability of more items
* over which to iterate. This method must be provided by concrete
* subclasses of LoopTagSupport to assist the iterative logic
* provided by the supporting base class.</p>
*
* <p>See <a href="#next()">next</a> for more information about the
* purpose and expectations behind this tag.</p>
*
* @return <tt>true</tt> if there is at least one more item to iterate
* over, <tt>false</tt> otherwise
* @exception javax.servlet.jsp.JspTagException
* @see #next
*/
protected abstract boolean hasNext() throws JspTagException;
/**
* <p>Prepares for a single tag invocation. Specifically, allows
* subclasses to prepare for calls to hasNext() and next().
* Subclasses can assume that prepare() will be called once for
* each invocation of doStartTag() in the superclass.</p>
*
* @exception javax.servlet.jsp.JspTagException
*/
protected abstract void prepare() throws JspTagException;
//*********************************************************************
// Lifecycle management and implementation of iterative behavior
/**
* Releases any resources this LoopTagSupport may have (or inherit).
*/
public void release() {
super.release();
init();
}
/**
* Begins iterating by processing the first item.
*/
public int doStartTag() throws JspException {
if (end != -1 && begin > end) {
// JSTL 1.1. We simply do not execute the loop.
return SKIP_BODY;
}
// we're beginning a new iteration, so reset our counts (etc.)
index = 0;
count = 1;
last = false;
iteratedExpression = null;
deferredExpression = null;
// let the subclass conduct any necessary preparation
prepare();
// throw away the first 'begin' items (if they exist)
discardIgnoreSubset(begin);
// get the item we're interested in
if (hasNext())
// index is 0-based, so we don't update it for the first item
item = next();
else
return SKIP_BODY;
/*
* now discard anything we have to "step" over.
* (we do this in advance to support LoopTagStatus.isLast())
*/
discard(step - 1);
// prepare to include our body...
exposeVariables(true);
calibrateLast();
return EVAL_BODY_INCLUDE;
}
/**
* Continues the iteration when appropriate -- that is, if we (a) have
* more items and (b) don't run over our 'end' (given our 'step').
*/
public int doAfterBody() throws JspException {
// re-sync the index, given our prior behind-the-scenes 'step'
index += step - 1;
// increment the count by 1 for each round
count++;
// everything's been prepared for us, so just get the next item
if (hasNext() && !atEnd()) {
index++;
item = next();
} else
return SKIP_BODY;
/*
* now discard anything we have to "step" over.
* (we do this in advance to support LoopTagStatus.isLast())
*/
discard(step - 1);
// prepare to re-iterate...
exposeVariables(false);
calibrateLast();
return EVAL_BODY_AGAIN;
}
/**
* Removes any attributes that this LoopTagSupport set.
*
* <p> These attributes are intended to support scripting variables with
* NESTED scope, so we don't want to pollute attribute space by leaving
* them lying around.
*/
public void doFinally() {
/*
* Make sure to un-expose variables, restoring them to their
* prior values, if applicable.
*/
unExposeVariables();
}
/**
* Rethrows the given Throwable.
*/
public void doCatch(Throwable t) throws Throwable {
throw t;
}
//*********************************************************************
// Accessor methods
/*
* Overview: The getXXX() methods we provide implement the Tag
* contract. setXXX() accessors are provided only for those
* properties (attributes) that must be known at translation time,
* on the premise that these accessors will vary less than the
* others in terms of their interface with the page author.
*/
/*
* (Purposely inherit JavaDoc and semantics from LoopTag.
* Subclasses can override this if necessary, but such a need is
* expected to be rare.)
*/
public Object getCurrent() {
return item;
}
/*
* (Purposely inherit JavaDoc and semantics from LoopTag.
* Subclasses can override this method for more fine-grained control
* over LoopTagStatus, but an effort has been made to simplify
* implementation of subclasses that are happy with reasonable default
* behavior.)
*/
public LoopTagStatus getLoopStatus() {
// local implementation with reasonable default behavior
class Status implements LoopTagStatus {
/*
* All our methods are straightforward. We inherit
* our JavaDoc from LoopTagSupport; see that class
* for more information.
*/
public Object getCurrent() {
/*
* Access the item through getCurrent() instead of just
* returning the item our containing class stores. This
* should allow a subclass of LoopTagSupport to override
* getCurrent() without having to rewrite getLoopStatus() too.
*/
return (LoopTagSupport.this.getCurrent());
}
public int getIndex() {
return (index + begin); // our 'index' isn't getIndex()
}
public int getCount() {
return (count);
}
public boolean isFirst() {
return (index == 0); // our 'index' isn't getIndex()
}
public boolean isLast() {
return (last); // use cached value
}
public Integer getBegin() {
if (beginSpecified)
return Integer.valueOf(begin);
else
return null;
}
public Integer getEnd() {
if (endSpecified)
return Integer.valueOf(end);
else
return null;
}
public Integer getStep() {
if (stepSpecified)
return Integer.valueOf(step);
else
return null;
}
}
/*
* We just need one per invocation... Actually, for the current
* implementation, we just need one per instance, but I'd rather
* not keep the reference around once release() has been called.
*/
if (status == null)
status = new Status();
return status;
}
/*
* Get the delimiter for string tokens. Used only for constructing
* the deferred expression for it.
*/
protected String getDelims() {
return ",";
}
/*
* We only support setter methods for attributes that need to be
* offered as Strings or other literals; other attributes will be
* handled directly by implementing classes, since there might be
* both rtexprvalue- and EL-based varieties, which will have
* different signatures. (We can't pollute child classes by having
* base implementations of those setters here; child classes that
* have attributes with different signatures would end up having
* two incompatible setters, which is illegal for a JavaBean.
*/
/**
* Sets the 'var' attribute.
*
* @param id Name of the exported scoped variable storing the current item
* of the iteration.
*/
public void setVar(String id) {
this.itemId = id;
}
/**
* Sets the 'varStatus' attribute.
*
* @param statusId Name of the exported scoped variable storing the status
* of the iteration.
*/
public void setVarStatus(String statusId) {
this.statusId = statusId;
}
//*********************************************************************
// Protected utility methods
/*
* These methods validate attributes common to iteration tags.
* Call them if your own subclassing implementation modifies them
* -- e.g., if you set them through an expression language.
*/
/**
* Ensures the "begin" property is sensible, throwing an exception
* expected to propagate up if it isn't
*/
protected void validateBegin() throws JspTagException {
if (begin < 0)
throw new JspTagException("'begin' < 0");
}
/**
* Ensures the "end" property is sensible, throwing an exception
* expected to propagate up if it isn't
*/
protected void validateEnd() throws JspTagException {
if (end < 0)
throw new JspTagException("'end' < 0");
}
/**
* Ensures the "step" property is sensible, throwing an exception
* expected to propagate up if it isn't
*/
protected void validateStep() throws JspTagException {
if (step < 1)
throw new JspTagException("'step' <= 0");
}
//*********************************************************************
// Private utility methods
/** (Re)initializes state (during release() or construction) */
private void init() {
// defaults for internal bookkeeping
index = 0; // internal index always starts at 0
count = 1; // internal count always starts at 1
status = null; // we clear status on release()
item = null; // item will be retrieved for each round
last = false; // last must be set explicitly
beginSpecified = false; // not specified until it's specified :-)
endSpecified = false; // (as above)
stepSpecified = false; // (as above)
// defaults for interface with page author
begin = 0; // when not specified, 'begin' is 0 by spec.
end = -1; // when not specified, 'end' is not used
step = 1; // when not specified, 'step' is 1
itemId = null; // when not specified, no variable exported
statusId = null; // when not specified, no variable exported
}
/** Sets 'last' appropriately. */
private void calibrateLast() throws JspTagException {
/*
* the current round is the last one if (a) there are no remaining
* elements, or (b) the next one is beyond the 'end'.
*/
last = !hasNext() || atEnd() ||
(end != -1 && (begin + index + step > end));
}
/**
* Exposes attributes (formerly scripting variables, but no longer!)
* if appropriate. Note that we don't really care, here, whether they're
* scripting variables or not.
*/
private void exposeVariables(boolean firstTime) throws JspTagException {
/*
* We need to support null items returned from next(); we
* do this simply by passing such non-items through to the
* scoped variable as effectively 'null' (that is, by calling
* removeAttribute()).
*
* Also, just to be defensive, we handle the case of a null
* 'status' object as well.
*
* We call getCurrent() and getLoopStatus() (instead of just using
* 'item' and 'status') to bridge to subclasses correctly.
* A subclass can override getCurrent() or getLoopStatus() but still
* depend on our doStartTag() and doAfterBody(), which call this
* method (exposeVariables()), to expose 'item' and 'status'
* correctly.
*/
if (itemId != null) {
if (getCurrent() == null)
pageContext.removeAttribute(itemId, PageContext.PAGE_SCOPE);
else if (deferredExpression != null) {
VariableMapper vm =
pageContext.getELContext().getVariableMapper();
if (vm != null) {
ValueExpression ve = getVarExpression(deferredExpression);
ValueExpression tmpValue = vm.setVariable(itemId, ve);
if (firstTime)
oldMappedValue = tmpValue;
}
} else
pageContext.setAttribute(itemId, getCurrent());
}
if (statusId != null) {
if (getLoopStatus() == null)
pageContext.removeAttribute(statusId, PageContext.PAGE_SCOPE);
else
pageContext.setAttribute(statusId, getLoopStatus());
}
}
/**
* Removes page attributes that we have exposed and, if applicable,
* restores them to their prior values (and scopes).
*/
private void unExposeVariables() {
// "nested" variables are now simply removed
if (itemId != null) {
pageContext.removeAttribute(itemId, PageContext.PAGE_SCOPE);
VariableMapper vm = pageContext.getELContext().getVariableMapper();
if (vm != null)
vm.setVariable(itemId, oldMappedValue);
}
if (statusId != null)
pageContext.removeAttribute(statusId, PageContext.PAGE_SCOPE);
}
/**
* Cycles through and discards up to 'n' items from the iteration.
* We only know "up to 'n'", not "exactly n," since we stop cycling
* if hasNext() returns false or if we hit the 'end' of the iteration.
* Note: this does not update the iteration index, since this method
* is intended as a behind-the-scenes operation. The index must be
* updated separately. (I don't really like this, but it's the simplest
* way to support isLast() without storing two separate inconsistent
* indices. We need to (a) make sure hasNext() refers to the next
* item we actually *want* and (b) make sure the index refers to the
* item associated with the *current* round, not the next one.
* C'est la vie.)
*/
private void discard(int n) throws JspTagException {
/*
* copy index so we can restore it, but we need to update it
* as we work so that atEnd() works
*/
int oldIndex = index;
while (n-- > 0 && !atEnd() && hasNext()) {
index++;
next();
}
index = oldIndex;
}
/**
* Discards items ignoring subsetting rules. Useful for discarding
* items from the beginning (i.e., to implement 'begin') where we
* don't want factor in the 'begin' value already.
*/
private void discardIgnoreSubset(int n) throws JspTagException {
while (n-- > 0 && hasNext())
next();
}
/**
* Returns true if the iteration has past the 'end' index (with
* respect to subsetting), false otherwise. ('end' must be set
* for atEnd() to return true; if 'end' is not set, atEnd()
* always returns false.)
*/
private boolean atEnd() {
return ((end != -1) && (begin + index >= end));
}
private ValueExpression getVarExpression(ValueExpression expr) {
Object o = expr.getValue(pageContext.getELContext());
if (o == null)
return null;
if (o.getClass().isArray() || o instanceof List) {
return new IndexedValueExpression(deferredExpression, index);
}
if (o instanceof Collection || o instanceof Iterator ||
o instanceof Enumeration || o instanceof Map ||
o instanceof String) {
if (iteratedExpression == null) {
iteratedExpression =
new IteratedExpression(deferredExpression, getDelims());
}
return new IteratedValueExpression(iteratedExpression, index);
}
throw new ELException("Don't know how to iterate over supplied "
+ "items in forEach");
}
}
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