/*
* Copyright (c) 2004 World Wide Web Consortium,
*
* (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, European Research Consortium for
* Informatics and Mathematics, Keio University). All Rights Reserved. This
* work is distributed under the W3C(r) Software License [1] in the hope that
* it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
* warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
*
* [1] http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/2002/copyright-software-20021231
*/
package org.w3c.dom.ls;
import org.w3c.dom.DOMConfiguration;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.DOMException;
/**
* A <code>LSSerializer</code> provides an API for serializing (writing) a
* DOM document out into XML. The XML data is written to a string or an
* output stream. Any changes or fixups made during the serialization affect
* only the serialized data. The <code>Document</code> object and its
* children are never altered by the serialization operation.
* <p> During serialization of XML data, namespace fixup is done as defined in [<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-DOM-Level-3-Core-20040407'>DOM Level 3 Core</a>]
* , Appendix B. [<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Core-20001113'>DOM Level 2 Core</a>]
* allows empty strings as a real namespace URI. If the
* <code>namespaceURI</code> of a <code>Node</code> is empty string, the
* serialization will treat them as <code>null</code>, ignoring the prefix
* if any.
* <p> <code>LSSerializer</code> accepts any node type for serialization. For
* nodes of type <code>Document</code> or <code>Entity</code>, well-formed
* XML will be created when possible (well-formedness is guaranteed if the
* document or entity comes from a parse operation and is unchanged since it
* was created). The serialized output for these node types is either as a
* XML document or an External XML Entity, respectively, and is acceptable
* input for an XML parser. For all other types of nodes the serialized form
* is implementation dependent.
* <p>Within a <code>Document</code>, <code>DocumentFragment</code>, or
* <code>Entity</code> being serialized, <code>Nodes</code> are processed as
* follows
* <ul>
* <li> <code>Document</code> nodes are written, including the XML
* declaration (unless the parameter "xml-declaration" is set to
* <code>false</code>) and a DTD subset, if one exists in the DOM. Writing a
* <code>Document</code> node serializes the entire document.
* </li>
* <li>
* <code>Entity</code> nodes, when written directly by
* <code>LSSerializer.write</code>, outputs the entity expansion but no
* namespace fixup is done. The resulting output will be valid as an
* external entity.
* </li>
* <li> If the parameter "<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#parameter-entities'>
* entities</a>" is set to <code>true</code>, <code>EntityReference</code> nodes are
* serialized as an entity reference of the form "
* <code>&entityName;</code>" in the output. Child nodes (the expansion)
* of the entity reference are ignored. If the parameter "<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#parameter-entities'>
* entities</a>" is set to <code>false</code>, only the children of the entity reference
* are serialized. <code>EntityReference</code> nodes with no children (no
* corresponding <code>Entity</code> node or the corresponding
* <code>Entity</code> nodes have no children) are always serialized.
* </li>
* <li>
* <code>CDATAsections</code> containing content characters that cannot be
* represented in the specified output encoding are handled according to the
* "<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#parameter-split-cdata-sections'>
* split-cdata-sections</a>" parameter. If the parameter is set to <code>true</code>,
* <code>CDATAsections</code> are split, and the unrepresentable characters
* are serialized as numeric character references in ordinary content. The
* exact position and number of splits is not specified. If the parameter
* is set to <code>false</code>, unrepresentable characters in a
* <code>CDATAsection</code> are reported as
* <code>"wf-invalid-character"</code> errors if the parameter "<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#parameter-well-formed'>
* well-formed</a>" is set to <code>true</code>. The error is not recoverable - there is no
* mechanism for supplying alternative characters and continuing with the
* serialization.
* </li>
* <li> <code>DocumentFragment</code> nodes are serialized by
* serializing the children of the document fragment in the order they
* appear in the document fragment.
* </li>
* <li> All other node types (Element, Text,
* etc.) are serialized to their corresponding XML source form.
* </li>
* </ul>
* <p ><b>Note:</b> The serialization of a <code>Node</code> does not always
* generate a well-formed XML document, i.e. a <code>LSParser</code> might
* throw fatal errors when parsing the resulting serialization.
* <p> Within the character data of a document (outside of markup), any
* characters that cannot be represented directly are replaced with
* character references. Occurrences of '<' and '&' are replaced by
* the predefined entities < and &. The other predefined
* entities (>, ', and ") might not be used, except
* where needed (e.g. using > in cases such as ']]>'). Any
* characters that cannot be represented directly in the output character
* encoding are serialized as numeric character references (and since
* character encoding standards commonly use hexadecimal representations of
* characters, using the hexadecimal representation when serializing
* character references is encouraged).
* <p> To allow attribute values to contain both single and double quotes, the
* apostrophe or single-quote character (') may be represented as
* "'", and the double-quote character (") as """. New
* line characters and other characters that cannot be represented directly
* in attribute values in the output character encoding are serialized as a
* numeric character reference.
* <p> Within markup, but outside of attributes, any occurrence of a character
* that cannot be represented in the output character encoding is reported
* as a <code>DOMError</code> fatal error. An example would be serializing
* the element <LaCa\u00f1ada/> with <code>encoding="us-ascii"</code>.
* This will result with a generation of a <code>DOMError</code>
* "wf-invalid-character-in-node-name" (as proposed in "<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#parameter-well-formed'>
* well-formed</a>").
* <p> When requested by setting the parameter "<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#parameter-normalize-characters'>
* normalize-characters</a>" on <code>LSSerializer</code> to true, character normalization is
* performed according to the definition of <a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml11-20040204/#dt-fullnorm'>fully
* normalized</a> characters included in appendix E of [<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml11-20040204/'>XML 1.1</a>] on all
* data to be serialized, both markup and character data. The character
* normalization process affects only the data as it is being written; it
* does not alter the DOM's view of the document after serialization has
* completed.
* <p> Implementations are required to support the encodings "UTF-8",
* "UTF-16", "UTF-16BE", and "UTF-16LE" to guarantee that data is
* serializable in all encodings that are required to be supported by all
* XML parsers. When the encoding is UTF-8, whether or not a byte order mark
* is serialized, or if the output is big-endian or little-endian, is
* implementation dependent. When the encoding is UTF-16, whether or not the
* output is big-endian or little-endian is implementation dependent, but a
* Byte Order Mark must be generated for non-character outputs, such as
* <code>LSOutput.byteStream</code> or <code>LSOutput.systemId</code>. If
* the Byte Order Mark is not generated, a "byte-order-mark-needed" warning
* is reported. When the encoding is UTF-16LE or UTF-16BE, the output is
* big-endian (UTF-16BE) or little-endian (UTF-16LE) and the Byte Order Mark
* is not be generated. In all cases, the encoding declaration, if
* generated, will correspond to the encoding used during the serialization
* (e.g. <code>encoding="UTF-16"</code> will appear if UTF-16 was
* requested).
* <p> Namespaces are fixed up during serialization, the serialization process
* will verify that namespace declarations, namespace prefixes and the
* namespace URI associated with elements and attributes are consistent. If
* inconsistencies are found, the serialized form of the document will be
* altered to remove them. The method used for doing the namespace fixup
* while serializing a document is the algorithm defined in Appendix B.1,
* "Namespace normalization", of [<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-DOM-Level-3-Core-20040407'>DOM Level 3 Core</a>]
* .
* <p> While serializing a document, the parameter "discard-default-content"
* controls whether or not non-specified data is serialized.
* <p> While serializing, errors and warnings are reported to the application
* through the error handler (<code>LSSerializer.domConfig</code>'s "<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#parameter-error-handler'>
* error-handler</a>" parameter). This specification does in no way try to define all possible
* errors and warnings that can occur while serializing a DOM node, but some
* common error and warning cases are defined. The types (
* <code>DOMError.type</code>) of errors and warnings defined by this
* specification are:
* <dl>
* <dt><code>"no-output-specified" [fatal]</code></dt>
* <dd> Raised when
* writing to a <code>LSOutput</code> if no output is specified in the
* <code>LSOutput</code>. </dd>
* <dt>
* <code>"unbound-prefix-in-entity-reference" [fatal]</code> </dt>
* <dd> Raised if the
* configuration parameter "<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#parameter-namespaces'>
* namespaces</a>" is set to <code>true</code> and an entity whose replacement text
* contains unbound namespace prefixes is referenced in a location where
* there are no bindings for the namespace prefixes. </dd>
* <dt>
* <code>"unsupported-encoding" [fatal]</code></dt>
* <dd> Raised if an unsupported
* encoding is encountered. </dd>
* </dl>
* <p> In addition to raising the defined errors and warnings, implementations
* are expected to raise implementation specific errors and warnings for any
* other error and warning cases such as IO errors (file not found,
* permission denied,...) and so on.
* <p>See also the <a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-DOM-Level-3-LS-20040407'>Document Object Model (DOM) Level 3 Load
and Save Specification</a>.
*/
public interface LSSerializer {
/**
* The <code>DOMConfiguration</code> object used by the
* <code>LSSerializer</code> when serializing a DOM node.
* <br> In addition to the parameters recognized by the <a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#DOMConfiguration'>
* DOMConfiguration</a> interface defined in [<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-DOM-Level-3-Core-20040407'>DOM Level 3 Core</a>]
* , the <code>DOMConfiguration</code> objects for
* <code>LSSerializer</code> adds, or modifies, the following
* parameters:
* <dl>
* <dt><code>"canonical-form"</code></dt>
* <dd>
* <dl>
* <dt><code>true</code></dt>
* <dd>[<em>optional</em>] Writes the document according to the rules specified in [<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xml-c14n-20010315'>Canonical XML</a>].
* In addition to the behavior described in "<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#parameter-canonical-form'>
* canonical-form</a>" [<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-DOM-Level-3-Core-20040407'>DOM Level 3 Core</a>]
* , setting this parameter to <code>true</code> will set the parameters
* "format-pretty-print", "discard-default-content", and "xml-declaration
* ", to <code>false</code>. Setting one of those parameters to
* <code>true</code> will set this parameter to <code>false</code>.
* Serializing an XML 1.1 document when "canonical-form" is
* <code>true</code> will generate a fatal error. </dd>
* <dt><code>false</code></dt>
* <dd>[<em>required</em>] (<em>default</em>) Do not canonicalize the output. </dd>
* </dl></dd>
* <dt><code>"discard-default-content"</code></dt>
* <dd>
* <dl>
* <dt>
* <code>true</code></dt>
* <dd>[<em>required</em>] (<em>default</em>) Use the <code>Attr.specified</code> attribute to decide what attributes
* should be discarded. Note that some implementations might use
* whatever information available to the implementation (i.e. XML
* schema, DTD, the <code>Attr.specified</code> attribute, and so on) to
* determine what attributes and content to discard if this parameter is
* set to <code>true</code>. </dd>
* <dt><code>false</code></dt>
* <dd>[<em>required</em>]Keep all attributes and all content.</dd>
* </dl></dd>
* <dt><code>"format-pretty-print"</code></dt>
* <dd>
* <dl>
* <dt>
* <code>true</code></dt>
* <dd>[<em>optional</em>] Formatting the output by adding whitespace to produce a pretty-printed,
* indented, human-readable form. The exact form of the transformations
* is not specified by this specification. Pretty-printing changes the
* content of the document and may affect the validity of the document,
* validating implementations should preserve validity. </dd>
* <dt>
* <code>false</code></dt>
* <dd>[<em>required</em>] (<em>default</em>) Don't pretty-print the result. </dd>
* </dl></dd>
* <dt>
* <code>"ignore-unknown-character-denormalizations"</code> </dt>
* <dd>
* <dl>
* <dt>
* <code>true</code></dt>
* <dd>[<em>required</em>] (<em>default</em>) If, while verifying full normalization when [<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml11-20040204/'>XML 1.1</a>] is
* supported, a character is encountered for which the normalization
* properties cannot be determined, then raise a
* <code>"unknown-character-denormalization"</code> warning (instead of
* raising an error, if this parameter is not set) and ignore any
* possible denormalizations caused by these characters. </dd>
* <dt>
* <code>false</code></dt>
* <dd>[<em>optional</em>] Report a fatal error if a character is encountered for which the
* processor cannot determine the normalization properties. </dd>
* </dl></dd>
* <dt>
* <code>"normalize-characters"</code></dt>
* <dd> This parameter is equivalent to
* the one defined by <code>DOMConfiguration</code> in [<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-DOM-Level-3-Core-20040407'>DOM Level 3 Core</a>]
* . Unlike in the Core, the default value for this parameter is
* <code>true</code>. While DOM implementations are not required to
* support <a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml11-20040204/#dt-fullnorm'>fully
* normalizing</a> the characters in the document according to appendix E of [<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml11-20040204/'>XML 1.1</a>], this
* parameter must be activated by default if supported. </dd>
* <dt>
* <code>"xml-declaration"</code></dt>
* <dd>
* <dl>
* <dt><code>true</code></dt>
* <dd>[<em>required</em>] (<em>default</em>) If a <code>Document</code>, <code>Element</code>, or <code>Entity</code>
* node is serialized, the XML declaration, or text declaration, should
* be included. The version (<code>Document.xmlVersion</code> if the
* document is a Level 3 document and the version is non-null, otherwise
* use the value "1.0"), and the output encoding (see
* <code>LSSerializer.write</code> for details on how to find the output
* encoding) are specified in the serialized XML declaration. </dd>
* <dt>
* <code>false</code></dt>
* <dd>[<em>required</em>] Do not serialize the XML and text declarations. Report a
* <code>"xml-declaration-needed"</code> warning if this will cause
* problems (i.e. the serialized data is of an XML version other than [<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml-20040204'>XML 1.0</a>], or an
* encoding would be needed to be able to re-parse the serialized data). </dd>
* </dl></dd>
* </dl>
*/
public DOMConfiguration getDomConfig();
/**
* The end-of-line sequence of characters to be used in the XML being
* written out. Any string is supported, but XML treats only a certain
* set of characters sequence as end-of-line (See section 2.11,
* "End-of-Line Handling" in [<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml-20040204'>XML 1.0</a>], if the
* serialized content is XML 1.0 or section 2.11, "End-of-Line Handling"
* in [<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml11-20040204/'>XML 1.1</a>], if the
* serialized content is XML 1.1). Using other character sequences than
* the recommended ones can result in a document that is either not
* serializable or not well-formed).
* <br> On retrieval, the default value of this attribute is the
* implementation specific default end-of-line sequence. DOM
* implementations should choose the default to match the usual
* convention for text files in the environment being used.
* Implementations must choose a default sequence that matches one of
* those allowed by XML 1.0 or XML 1.1, depending on the serialized
* content. Setting this attribute to <code>null</code> will reset its
* value to the default value.
* <br>
*/
public String getNewLine();
/**
* The end-of-line sequence of characters to be used in the XML being
* written out. Any string is supported, but XML treats only a certain
* set of characters sequence as end-of-line (See section 2.11,
* "End-of-Line Handling" in [<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml-20040204'>XML 1.0</a>], if the
* serialized content is XML 1.0 or section 2.11, "End-of-Line Handling"
* in [<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml11-20040204/'>XML 1.1</a>], if the
* serialized content is XML 1.1). Using other character sequences than
* the recommended ones can result in a document that is either not
* serializable or not well-formed).
* <br> On retrieval, the default value of this attribute is the
* implementation specific default end-of-line sequence. DOM
* implementations should choose the default to match the usual
* convention for text files in the environment being used.
* Implementations must choose a default sequence that matches one of
* those allowed by XML 1.0 or XML 1.1, depending on the serialized
* content. Setting this attribute to <code>null</code> will reset its
* value to the default value.
* <br>
*/
public void setNewLine(String newLine);
/**
* When the application provides a filter, the serializer will call out
* to the filter before serializing each Node. The filter implementation
* can choose to remove the node from the stream or to terminate the
* serialization early.
* <br> The filter is invoked after the operations requested by the
* <code>DOMConfiguration</code> parameters have been applied. For
* example, CDATA sections won't be passed to the filter if "<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#parameter-cdata-sections'>
* cdata-sections</a>" is set to <code>false</code>.
*/
public LSSerializerFilter getFilter();
/**
* When the application provides a filter, the serializer will call out
* to the filter before serializing each Node. The filter implementation
* can choose to remove the node from the stream or to terminate the
* serialization early.
* <br> The filter is invoked after the operations requested by the
* <code>DOMConfiguration</code> parameters have been applied. For
* example, CDATA sections won't be passed to the filter if "<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#parameter-cdata-sections'>
* cdata-sections</a>" is set to <code>false</code>.
*/
public void setFilter(LSSerializerFilter filter);
/**
* Serialize the specified node as described above in the general
* description of the <code>LSSerializer</code> interface. The output is
* written to the supplied <code>LSOutput</code>.
* <br> When writing to a <code>LSOutput</code>, the encoding is found by
* looking at the encoding information that is reachable through the
* <code>LSOutput</code> and the item to be written (or its owner
* document) in this order:
* <ol>
* <li> <code>LSOutput.encoding</code>,
* </li>
* <li>
* <code>Document.inputEncoding</code>,
* </li>
* <li>
* <code>Document.xmlEncoding</code>.
* </li>
* </ol>
* <br> If no encoding is reachable through the above properties, a
* default encoding of "UTF-8" will be used. If the specified encoding
* is not supported an "unsupported-encoding" fatal error is raised.
* <br> If no output is specified in the <code>LSOutput</code>, a
* "no-output-specified" fatal error is raised.
* <br> The implementation is responsible of associating the appropriate
* media type with the serialized data.
* <br> When writing to a HTTP URI, a HTTP PUT is performed. When writing
* to other types of URIs, the mechanism for writing the data to the URI
* is implementation dependent.
* @param nodeArg The node to serialize.
* @param destination The destination for the serialized DOM.
* @return Returns <code>true</code> if <code>node</code> was
* successfully serialized. Return <code>false</code> in case the
* normal processing stopped but the implementation kept serializing
* the document; the result of the serialization being implementation
* dependent then.
* @exception LSException
* SERIALIZE_ERR: Raised if the <code>LSSerializer</code> was unable to
* serialize the node. DOM applications should attach a
* <code>DOMErrorHandler</code> using the parameter "<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#parameter-error-handler'>
* error-handler</a>" if they wish to get details on the error.
*/
public boolean write(Node nodeArg,
LSOutput destination)
throws LSException;
/**
* A convenience method that acts as if <code>LSSerializer.write</code>
* was called with a <code>LSOutput</code> with no encoding specified
* and <code>LSOutput.systemId</code> set to the <code>uri</code>
* argument.
* @param nodeArg The node to serialize.
* @param uri The URI to write to.
* @return Returns <code>true</code> if <code>node</code> was
* successfully serialized. Return <code>false</code> in case the
* normal processing stopped but the implementation kept serializing
* the document; the result of the serialization being implementation
* dependent then.
* @exception LSException
* SERIALIZE_ERR: Raised if the <code>LSSerializer</code> was unable to
* serialize the node. DOM applications should attach a
* <code>DOMErrorHandler</code> using the parameter "<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#parameter-error-handler'>
* error-handler</a>" if they wish to get details on the error.
*/
public boolean writeToURI(Node nodeArg,
String uri)
throws LSException;
/**
* Serialize the specified node as described above in the general
* description of the <code>LSSerializer</code> interface. The output is
* written to a <code>DOMString</code> that is returned to the caller.
* The encoding used is the encoding of the <code>DOMString</code> type,
* i.e. UTF-16. Note that no Byte Order Mark is generated in a
* <code>DOMString</code> object.
* @param nodeArg The node to serialize.
* @return Returns the serialized data.
* @exception DOMException
* DOMSTRING_SIZE_ERR: Raised if the resulting string is too long to
* fit in a <code>DOMString</code>.
* @exception LSException
* SERIALIZE_ERR: Raised if the <code>LSSerializer</code> was unable to
* serialize the node. DOM applications should attach a
* <code>DOMErrorHandler</code> using the parameter "<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#parameter-error-handler'>
* error-handler</a>" if they wish to get details on the error.
*/
public String writeToString(Node nodeArg)
throws DOMException, LSException;
}
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