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Deque.javaAPI DocJava SE 6 API22127Tue Jun 10 00:25:52 BST 2008java.util

Deque

public interface Deque implements Queue
A linear collection that supports element insertion and removal at both ends. The name deque is short for "double ended queue" and is usually pronounced "deck". Most Deque implementations place no fixed limits on the number of elements they may contain, but this interface supports capacity-restricted deques as well as those with no fixed size limit.

This interface defines methods to access the elements at both ends of the deque. Methods are provided to insert, remove, and examine the element. Each of these methods exists in two forms: one throws an exception if the operation fails, the other returns a special value (either null or false, depending on the operation). The latter form of the insert operation is designed specifically for use with capacity-restricted Deque implementations; in most implementations, insert operations cannot fail.

The twelve methods described above are summarized in the following table:

First Element (Head) Last Element (Tail)
Throws exception Special value Throws exception Special value
Insert {@link #addFirst addFirst(e)} {@link #offerFirst offerFirst(e)} {@link #addLast addLast(e)} {@link #offerLast offerLast(e)}
Remove {@link #removeFirst removeFirst()} {@link #pollFirst pollFirst()} {@link #removeLast removeLast()} {@link #pollLast pollLast()}
Examine {@link #getFirst getFirst()} {@link #peekFirst peekFirst()} {@link #getLast getLast()} {@link #peekLast peekLast()}

This interface extends the {@link Queue} interface. When a deque is used as a queue, FIFO (First-In-First-Out) behavior results. Elements are added at the end of the deque and removed from the beginning. The methods inherited from the Queue interface are precisely equivalent to Deque methods as indicated in the following table:

Queue Method Equivalent Deque Method
{@link java.util.Queue#add add(e)} {@link #addLast addLast(e)}
{@link java.util.Queue#offer offer(e)} {@link #offerLast offerLast(e)}
{@link java.util.Queue#remove remove()} {@link #removeFirst removeFirst()}
{@link java.util.Queue#poll poll()} {@link #pollFirst pollFirst()}
{@link java.util.Queue#element element()} {@link #getFirst getFirst()}
{@link java.util.Queue#peek peek()} {@link #peek peekFirst()}

Deques can also be used as LIFO (Last-In-First-Out) stacks. This interface should be used in preference to the legacy {@link Stack} class. When a deque is used as a stack, elements are pushed and popped from the beginning of the deque. Stack methods are precisely equivalent to Deque methods as indicated in the table below:

Stack Method Equivalent Deque Method
{@link #push push(e)} {@link #addFirst addFirst(e)}
{@link #pop pop()} {@link #removeFirst removeFirst()}
{@link #peek peek()} {@link #peekFirst peekFirst()}

Note that the {@link #peek peek} method works equally well when a deque is used as a queue or a stack; in either case, elements are drawn from the beginning of the deque.

This interface provides two methods to remove interior elements, {@link #removeFirstOccurrence removeFirstOccurrence} and {@link #removeLastOccurrence removeLastOccurrence}.

Unlike the {@link List} interface, this interface does not provide support for indexed access to elements.

While Deque implementations are not strictly required to prohibit the insertion of null elements, they are strongly encouraged to do so. Users of any Deque implementations that do allow null elements are strongly encouraged not to take advantage of the ability to insert nulls. This is so because null is used as a special return value by various methods to indicated that the deque is empty.

Deque implementations generally do not define element-based versions of the equals and hashCode methods, but instead inherit the identity-based versions from class Object.

This interface is a member of the Java Collections Framework.

author
Doug Lea
author
Josh Bloch
since
1.6
param
the type of elements held in this collection

Fields Summary
Constructors Summary
Methods Summary
public booleanadd(E e)
Inserts the specified element into the queue represented by this deque (in other words, at the tail of this deque) if it is possible to do so immediately without violating capacity restrictions, returning true upon success and throwing an IllegalStateException if no space is currently available. When using a capacity-restricted deque, it is generally preferable to use {@link #offer(Object) offer}.

This method is equivalent to {@link #addLast}.

param
e the element to add
return
true (as specified by {@link Collection#add})
throws
IllegalStateException if the element cannot be added at this time due to capacity restrictions
throws
ClassCastException if the class of the specified element prevents it from being added to this deque
throws
NullPointerException if the specified element is null and this deque does not permit null elements
throws
IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified element prevents it from being added to this deque

public voidaddFirst(E e)
Inserts the specified element at the front of this deque if it is possible to do so immediately without violating capacity restrictions. When using a capacity-restricted deque, it is generally preferable to use method {@link #offerFirst}.

param
e the element to add
throws
IllegalStateException if the element cannot be added at this time due to capacity restrictions
throws
ClassCastException if the class of the specified element prevents it from being added to this deque
throws
NullPointerException if the specified element is null and this deque does not permit null elements
throws
IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified element prevents it from being added to this deque

public voidaddLast(E e)
Inserts the specified element at the end of this deque if it is possible to do so immediately without violating capacity restrictions. When using a capacity-restricted deque, it is generally preferable to use method {@link #offerLast}.

This method is equivalent to {@link #add}.

param
e the element to add
throws
IllegalStateException if the element cannot be added at this time due to capacity restrictions
throws
ClassCastException if the class of the specified element prevents it from being added to this deque
throws
NullPointerException if the specified element is null and this deque does not permit null elements
throws
IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified element prevents it from being added to this deque

public booleancontains(java.lang.Object o)
Returns true if this deque contains the specified element. More formally, returns true if and only if this deque contains at least one element e such that (o==null ? e==null : o.equals(e)).

param
o element whose presence in this deque is to be tested
return
true if this deque contains the specified element
throws
ClassCastException if the type of the specified element is incompatible with this deque (optional)
throws
NullPointerException if the specified element is null and this deque does not permit null elements (optional)

public java.util.IteratordescendingIterator()
Returns an iterator over the elements in this deque in reverse sequential order. The elements will be returned in order from last (tail) to first (head).

return
an iterator over the elements in this deque in reverse sequence

public Eelement()
Retrieves, but does not remove, the head of the queue represented by this deque (in other words, the first element of this deque). This method differs from {@link #peek peek} only in that it throws an exception if this deque is empty.

This method is equivalent to {@link #getFirst()}.

return
the head of the queue represented by this deque
throws
NoSuchElementException if this deque is empty

public EgetFirst()
Retrieves, but does not remove, the first element of this deque. This method differs from {@link #peekFirst peekFirst} only in that it throws an exception if this deque is empty.

return
the head of this deque
throws
NoSuchElementException if this deque is empty

public EgetLast()
Retrieves, but does not remove, the last element of this deque. This method differs from {@link #peekLast peekLast} only in that it throws an exception if this deque is empty.

return
the tail of this deque
throws
NoSuchElementException if this deque is empty

public java.util.Iteratoriterator()
Returns an iterator over the elements in this deque in proper sequence. The elements will be returned in order from first (head) to last (tail).

return
an iterator over the elements in this deque in proper sequence

public booleanoffer(E e)
Inserts the specified element into the queue represented by this deque (in other words, at the tail of this deque) if it is possible to do so immediately without violating capacity restrictions, returning true upon success and false if no space is currently available. When using a capacity-restricted deque, this method is generally preferable to the {@link #add} method, which can fail to insert an element only by throwing an exception.

This method is equivalent to {@link #offerLast}.

param
e the element to add
return
true if the element was added to this deque, else false
throws
ClassCastException if the class of the specified element prevents it from being added to this deque
throws
NullPointerException if the specified element is null and this deque does not permit null elements
throws
IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified element prevents it from being added to this deque

public booleanofferFirst(E e)
Inserts the specified element at the front of this deque unless it would violate capacity restrictions. When using a capacity-restricted deque, this method is generally preferable to the {@link #addFirst} method, which can fail to insert an element only by throwing an exception.

param
e the element to add
return
true if the element was added to this deque, else false
throws
ClassCastException if the class of the specified element prevents it from being added to this deque
throws
NullPointerException if the specified element is null and this deque does not permit null elements
throws
IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified element prevents it from being added to this deque

public booleanofferLast(E e)
Inserts the specified element at the end of this deque unless it would violate capacity restrictions. When using a capacity-restricted deque, this method is generally preferable to the {@link #addLast} method, which can fail to insert an element only by throwing an exception.

param
e the element to add
return
true if the element was added to this deque, else false
throws
ClassCastException if the class of the specified element prevents it from being added to this deque
throws
NullPointerException if the specified element is null and this deque does not permit null elements
throws
IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified element prevents it from being added to this deque

public Epeek()
Retrieves, but does not remove, the head of the queue represented by this deque (in other words, the first element of this deque), or returns null if this deque is empty.

This method is equivalent to {@link #peekFirst()}.

return
the head of the queue represented by this deque, or null if this deque is empty

public EpeekFirst()
Retrieves, but does not remove, the first element of this deque, or returns null if this deque is empty.

return
the head of this deque, or null if this deque is empty

public EpeekLast()
Retrieves, but does not remove, the last element of this deque, or returns null if this deque is empty.

return
the tail of this deque, or null if this deque is empty

public Epoll()
Retrieves and removes the head of the queue represented by this deque (in other words, the first element of this deque), or returns null if this deque is empty.

This method is equivalent to {@link #pollFirst()}.

return
the first element of this deque, or null if this deque is empty

public EpollFirst()
Retrieves and removes the first element of this deque, or returns null if this deque is empty.

return
the head of this deque, or null if this deque is empty

public EpollLast()
Retrieves and removes the last element of this deque, or returns null if this deque is empty.

return
the tail of this deque, or null if this deque is empty

public Epop()
Pops an element from the stack represented by this deque. In other words, removes and returns the first element of this deque.

This method is equivalent to {@link #removeFirst()}.

return
the element at the front of this deque (which is the top of the stack represented by this deque)
throws
NoSuchElementException if this deque is empty

public voidpush(E e)
Pushes an element onto the stack represented by this deque (in other words, at the head of this deque) if it is possible to do so immediately without violating capacity restrictions, returning true upon success and throwing an IllegalStateException if no space is currently available.

This method is equivalent to {@link #addFirst}.

param
e the element to push
throws
IllegalStateException if the element cannot be added at this time due to capacity restrictions
throws
ClassCastException if the class of the specified element prevents it from being added to this deque
throws
NullPointerException if the specified element is null and this deque does not permit null elements
throws
IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified element prevents it from being added to this deque

public Eremove()
Retrieves and removes the head of the queue represented by this deque (in other words, the first element of this deque). This method differs from {@link #poll poll} only in that it throws an exception if this deque is empty.

This method is equivalent to {@link #removeFirst()}.

return
the head of the queue represented by this deque
throws
NoSuchElementException if this deque is empty

public booleanremove(java.lang.Object o)
Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from this deque. If the deque does not contain the element, it is unchanged. More formally, removes the first element e such that (o==null ? e==null : o.equals(e)) (if such an element exists). Returns true if this deque contained the specified element (or equivalently, if this deque changed as a result of the call).

This method is equivalent to {@link #removeFirstOccurrence}.

param
o element to be removed from this deque, if present
return
true if an element was removed as a result of this call
throws
ClassCastException if the class of the specified element is incompatible with this deque (optional)
throws
NullPointerException if the specified element is null and this deque does not permit null elements (optional)

public EremoveFirst()
Retrieves and removes the first element of this deque. This method differs from {@link #pollFirst pollFirst} only in that it throws an exception if this deque is empty.

return
the head of this deque
throws
NoSuchElementException if this deque is empty

public booleanremoveFirstOccurrence(java.lang.Object o)
Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from this deque. If the deque does not contain the element, it is unchanged. More formally, removes the first element e such that (o==null ? e==null : o.equals(e)) (if such an element exists). Returns true if this deque contained the specified element (or equivalently, if this deque changed as a result of the call).

param
o element to be removed from this deque, if present
return
true if an element was removed as a result of this call
throws
ClassCastException if the class of the specified element is incompatible with this deque (optional)
throws
NullPointerException if the specified element is null and this deque does not permit null elements (optional)

public EremoveLast()
Retrieves and removes the last element of this deque. This method differs from {@link #pollLast pollLast} only in that it throws an exception if this deque is empty.

return
the tail of this deque
throws
NoSuchElementException if this deque is empty

public booleanremoveLastOccurrence(java.lang.Object o)
Removes the last occurrence of the specified element from this deque. If the deque does not contain the element, it is unchanged. More formally, removes the last element e such that (o==null ? e==null : o.equals(e)) (if such an element exists). Returns true if this deque contained the specified element (or equivalently, if this deque changed as a result of the call).

param
o element to be removed from this deque, if present
return
true if an element was removed as a result of this call
throws
ClassCastException if the class of the specified element is incompatible with this deque (optional)
throws
NullPointerException if the specified element is null and this deque does not permit null elements (optional)

public intsize()
Returns the number of elements in this deque.

return
the number of elements in this deque