/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.catalina.realm;
import java.security.Principal;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import javax.security.auth.Subject;
import javax.security.auth.login.AccountExpiredException;
import javax.security.auth.login.CredentialExpiredException;
import javax.security.auth.login.FailedLoginException;
import javax.security.auth.login.LoginContext;
import javax.security.auth.login.LoginException;
import org.apache.catalina.Container;
import org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException;
import org.apache.catalina.util.StringManager;
import org.apache.juli.logging.Log;
import org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory;
/**
* <p>Implmentation of <b>Realm</b> that authenticates users via the <em>Java
* Authentication and Authorization Service</em> (JAAS). JAAS support requires
* either JDK 1.4 (which includes it as part of the standard platform) or
* JDK 1.3 (with the plug-in <code>jaas.jar</code> file).</p>
*
* <p>The value configured for the <code>appName</code> property is passed to
* the <code>javax.security.auth.login.LoginContext</code> constructor, to
* specify the <em>application name</em> used to select the set of relevant
* <code>LoginModules</code> required.</p>
*
* <p>The JAAS Specification describes the result of a successful login as a
* <code>javax.security.auth.Subject</code> instance, which can contain zero
* or more <code>java.security.Principal</code> objects in the return value
* of the <code>Subject.getPrincipals()</code> method. However, it provides
* no guidance on how to distinguish Principals that describe the individual
* user (and are thus appropriate to return as the value of
* request.getUserPrincipal() in a web application) from the Principal(s)
* that describe the authorized roles for this user. To maintain as much
* independence as possible from the underlying <code>LoginMethod</code>
* implementation executed by JAAS, the following policy is implemented by
* this Realm:</p>
* <ul>
* <li>The JAAS <code>LoginModule</code> is assumed to return a
* <code>Subject</code> with at least one <code>Principal</code> instance
* representing the user himself or herself, and zero or more separate
* <code>Principals</code> representing the security roles authorized
* for this user.</li>
* <li>On the <code>Principal</code> representing the user, the Principal
* name is an appropriate value to return via the Servlet API method
* <code>HttpServletRequest.getRemoteUser()</code>.</li>
* <li>On the <code>Principals</code> representing the security roles, the
* name is the name of the authorized security role.</li>
* <li>This Realm will be configured with two lists of fully qualified Java
* class names of classes that implement
* <code>java.security.Principal</code> - one that identifies class(es)
* representing a user, and one that identifies class(es) representing
* a security role.</li>
* <li>As this Realm iterates over the <code>Principals</code> returned by
* <code>Subject.getPrincipals()</code>, it will identify the first
* <code>Principal</code> that matches the "user classes" list as the
* <code>Principal</code> for this user.</li>
* <li>As this Realm iterates over the <code>Princpals</code> returned by
* <code>Subject.getPrincipals()</code>, it will accumulate the set of
* all <code>Principals</code> matching the "role classes" list as
* identifying the security roles for this user.</li>
* <li>It is a configuration error for the JAAS login method to return a
* validated <code>Subject</code> without a <code>Principal</code> that
* matches the "user classes" list.</li>
* <li>By default, the enclosing Container's name serves as the
* application name used to obtain the JAAS LoginContext ("Catalina" in
* a default installation). Tomcat must be able to find an application
* with this name in the JAAS configuration file. Here is a hypothetical
* JAAS configuration file entry for a database-oriented login module that uses
* a Tomcat-managed JNDI database resource:
* <blockquote><pre>Catalina {
org.foobar.auth.DatabaseLoginModule REQUIRED
JNDI_RESOURCE=jdbc/AuthDB
USER_TABLE=users
USER_ID_COLUMN=id
USER_NAME_COLUMN=name
USER_CREDENTIAL_COLUMN=password
ROLE_TABLE=roles
ROLE_NAME_COLUMN=name
PRINCIPAL_FACTORY=org.foobar.auth.impl.SimplePrincipalFactory;
};</pre></blockquote></li>
* <li>To set the JAAS configuration file
* location, set the <code>CATALINA_OPTS</code> environment variable
* similar to the following:
<blockquote><code>CATALINA_OPTS="-Djava.security.auth.login.config=$CATALINA_HOME/conf/jaas.config"</code></blockquote>
* </li>
* <li>As part of the login process, JAASRealm registers its own <code>CallbackHandler</code>,
* called (unsurprisingly) <code>JAASCallbackHandler</code>. This handler supplies the
* HTTP requests's username and credentials to the user-supplied <code>LoginModule</code></li>
* <li>As with other <code>Realm</code> implementations, digested passwords are supported if
* the <code><Realm></code> element in <code>server.xml</code> contains a
* <code>digest</code> attribute; <code>JAASCallbackHandler</code> will digest the password
* prior to passing it back to the <code>LoginModule</code></li>
* </ul>
*
* @author Craig R. McClanahan
* @author Yoav Shapira
* @version $Revision: 543691 $ $Date: 2007-06-02 03:37:08 +0200 (sam., 02 juin 2007) $
*/
public class JAASRealm
extends RealmBase
{
private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(JAASRealm.class);
// ----------------------------------------------------- Instance Variables
/**
* The application name passed to the JAAS <code>LoginContext</code>,
* which uses it to select the set of relevant <code>LoginModule</code>s.
*/
protected String appName = null;
/**
* Descriptive information about this <code>Realm</code> implementation.
*/
protected static final String info =
"org.apache.catalina.realm.JAASRealm/1.0";
/**
* Descriptive information about this <code>Realm</code> implementation.
*/
protected static final String name = "JAASRealm";
/**
* The list of role class names, split out for easy processing.
*/
protected List<String> roleClasses = new ArrayList<String>();
/**
* The string manager for this package.
*/
protected static final StringManager sm =
StringManager.getManager(Constants.Package);
/**
* The set of user class names, split out for easy processing.
*/
protected List<String> userClasses = new ArrayList<String>();
/**
* Whether to use context ClassLoader or default ClassLoader.
* True means use context ClassLoader, and True is the default
* value.
*/
protected boolean useContextClassLoader = true;
// ------------------------------------------------------------- Properties
/**
* setter for the <code>appName</code> member variable
* @deprecated JAAS should use the <code>Engine</code> (domain) name and webpp/host overrides
*/
public void setAppName(String name) {
appName = name;
}
/**
* getter for the <code>appName</code> member variable
*/
public String getAppName() {
return appName;
}
/**
* Sets whether to use the context or default ClassLoader.
* True means use context ClassLoader.
*
* @param useContext True means use context ClassLoader
*/
public void setUseContextClassLoader(boolean useContext) {
useContextClassLoader = useContext;
log.info("Setting useContextClassLoader = " + useContext);
}
/**
* Returns whether to use the context or default ClassLoader.
* True means to use the context ClassLoader.
*
* @return The value of useContextClassLoader
*/
public boolean isUseContextClassLoader() {
return useContextClassLoader;
}
public void setContainer(Container container) {
super.setContainer(container);
if( appName==null ) {
String name=container.getName();
name = makeLegalForJAAS(name);
appName=name;
log.info("Set JAAS app name " + appName);
}
}
/**
* Comma-delimited list of <code>java.security.Principal</code> classes
* that represent security roles.
*/
protected String roleClassNames = null;
public String getRoleClassNames() {
return (this.roleClassNames);
}
/**
* Sets the list of comma-delimited classes that represent
* roles. The classes in the list must implement <code>java.security.Principal</code>.
* When this accessor is called (for example, by a <code>Digester</code>
* instance parsing the
* configuration file), it will parse the class names and store the resulting
* string(s) into the <code>ArrayList</code> field </code>roleClasses</code>.
*/
public void setRoleClassNames(String roleClassNames) {
this.roleClassNames = roleClassNames;
parseClassNames(roleClassNames, roleClasses);
}
/**
* Parses a comma-delimited list of class names, and store the class names
* in the provided List. Each class must implement <codejava.security.Principal</code>.
*
* @param classNamesString a comma-delimited list of fully qualified class names.
* @param classNamesList the list in which the class names will be stored.
* The list is cleared before being populated.
*/
protected void parseClassNames(String classNamesString, List<String> classNamesList) {
classNamesList.clear();
if (classNamesString == null) return;
String[] classNames = classNamesString.split("[ ]*,[ ]*");
for (int i=0; i<classNames.length; i++) {
if (classNames[i].length()==0) continue;
try {
Class principalClass = Class.forName(classNames[i]);
if (Principal.class.isAssignableFrom(principalClass)) {
classNamesList.add(classNames[i]);
} else {
log.error("Class "+classNames[i]+" is not implementing "+
"java.security.Principal! Class not added.");
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
log.error("Class "+classNames[i]+" not found! Class not added.");
}
}
}
/**
* Comma-delimited list of <code>java.security.Principal</code> classes
* that represent individual users.
*/
protected String userClassNames = null;
public String getUserClassNames() {
return (this.userClassNames);
}
/**
* Sets the list of comma-delimited classes that represent individual
* users. The classes in the list must implement <code>java.security.Principal</code>.
* When this accessor is called (for example, by a <code>Digester</code>
* instance parsing the
* configuration file), it will parse the class names and store the resulting
* string(s) into the <code>ArrayList</code> field </code>userClasses</code>.
*/
public void setUserClassNames(String userClassNames) {
this.userClassNames = userClassNames;
parseClassNames(userClassNames, userClasses);
}
// --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods
/**
* Return the <code>Principal</code> associated with the specified username and
* credentials, if there is one; otherwise return <code>null</code>.
*
* If there are any errors with the JDBC connection, executing
* the query or anything we return null (don't authenticate). This
* event is also logged, and the connection will be closed so that
* a subsequent request will automatically re-open it.
*
* @param username Username of the <code>Principal</code> to look up
* @param credentials Password or other credentials to use in
* authenticating this username
*/
public Principal authenticate(String username, String credentials) {
// Establish a LoginContext to use for authentication
try {
LoginContext loginContext = null;
if( appName==null ) appName="Tomcat";
if( log.isDebugEnabled())
log.debug(sm.getString("jaasRealm.beginLogin", username, appName));
// What if the LoginModule is in the container class loader ?
ClassLoader ocl = null;
if (isUseContextClassLoader()) {
ocl=Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(this.getClass().getClassLoader());
}
try {
loginContext = new LoginContext
(appName, new JAASCallbackHandler(this, username,
credentials));
} catch (Throwable e) {
log.error(sm.getString("jaasRealm.unexpectedError"), e);
return (null);
} finally {
if( isUseContextClassLoader()) {
Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(ocl);
}
}
if( log.isDebugEnabled())
log.debug("Login context created " + username);
// Negotiate a login via this LoginContext
Subject subject = null;
try {
loginContext.login();
subject = loginContext.getSubject();
if (subject == null) {
if( log.isDebugEnabled())
log.debug(sm.getString("jaasRealm.failedLogin", username));
return (null);
}
} catch (AccountExpiredException e) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled())
log.debug(sm.getString("jaasRealm.accountExpired", username));
return (null);
} catch (CredentialExpiredException e) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled())
log.debug(sm.getString("jaasRealm.credentialExpired", username));
return (null);
} catch (FailedLoginException e) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled())
log.debug(sm.getString("jaasRealm.failedLogin", username));
return (null);
} catch (LoginException e) {
log.warn(sm.getString("jaasRealm.loginException", username), e);
return (null);
} catch (Throwable e) {
log.error(sm.getString("jaasRealm.unexpectedError"), e);
return (null);
}
if( log.isDebugEnabled())
log.debug(sm.getString("jaasRealm.loginContextCreated", username));
// Return the appropriate Principal for this authenticated Subject
Principal principal = createPrincipal(username, subject);
if (principal == null) {
log.debug(sm.getString("jaasRealm.authenticateFailure", username));
return (null);
}
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(sm.getString("jaasRealm.authenticateSuccess", username));
}
return (principal);
} catch( Throwable t) {
log.error( "error ", t);
return null;
}
}
// -------------------------------------------------------- Package Methods
// ------------------------------------------------------ Protected Methods
/**
* Return a short name for this <code>Realm</code> implementation.
*/
protected String getName() {
return (name);
}
/**
* Return the password associated with the given principal's user name.
*/
protected String getPassword(String username) {
return (null);
}
/**
* Return the <code>Principal</code> associated with the given user name.
*/
protected Principal getPrincipal(String username) {
return (null);
}
/**
* Identify and return a <code>java.security.Principal</code> instance
* representing the authenticated user for the specified <code>Subject</code>.
* The Principal is constructed by scanning the list of Principals returned
* by the JAASLoginModule. The first <code>Principal</code> object that matches
* one of the class names supplied as a "user class" is the user Principal.
* This object is returned to tha caller.
* Any remaining principal objects returned by the LoginModules are mapped to
* roles, but only if their respective classes match one of the "role class" classes.
* If a user Principal cannot be constructed, return <code>null</code>.
* @param subject The <code>Subject</code> representing the logged-in user
*/
protected Principal createPrincipal(String username, Subject subject) {
// Prepare to scan the Principals for this Subject
List<String> roles = new ArrayList<String>();
Principal userPrincipal = null;
// Scan the Principals for this Subject
Iterator principals = subject.getPrincipals().iterator();
while (principals.hasNext()) {
Principal principal = (Principal) principals.next();
String principalClass = principal.getClass().getName();
if( log.isDebugEnabled() ) {
log.debug(sm.getString("jaasRealm.checkPrincipal", principal, principalClass));
}
if (userPrincipal == null && userClasses.contains(principalClass)) {
userPrincipal = principal;
if( log.isDebugEnabled() ) {
log.debug(sm.getString("jaasRealm.userPrincipalSuccess", principal.getName()));
}
}
if (roleClasses.contains(principalClass)) {
roles.add(principal.getName());
if( log.isDebugEnabled() ) {
log.debug(sm.getString("jaasRealm.rolePrincipalAdd", principal.getName()));
}
}
}
// Print failure message if needed
if (userPrincipal == null) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(sm.getString("jaasRealm.userPrincipalFailure"));
log.debug(sm.getString("jaasRealm.rolePrincipalFailure"));
}
} else {
if (roles.size() == 0) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(sm.getString("jaasRealm.rolePrincipalFailure"));
}
}
}
// Return the resulting Principal for our authenticated user
return new GenericPrincipal(this, username, null, roles, userPrincipal);
}
/**
* Ensure the given name is legal for JAAS configuration.
* Added for Bugzilla 30869, made protected for easy customization
* in case my implementation is insufficient, which I think is
* very likely.
*
* @param src The name to validate
* @return A string that's a valid JAAS realm name
*/
protected String makeLegalForJAAS(final String src) {
String result = src;
// Default name is "other" per JAAS spec
if(result == null) {
result = "other";
}
// Strip leading slash if present, as Sun JAAS impl
// barfs on it (see Bugzilla 30869 bug report).
if(result.startsWith("/")) {
result = result.substring(1);
}
return result;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------ Lifecycle Methods
/**
*
* Prepare for active use of the public methods of this <code>Component</code>.
*
* @exception LifecycleException if this component detects a fatal error
* that prevents it from being started
*/
public void start() throws LifecycleException {
// Perform normal superclass initialization
super.start();
}
/**
* Gracefully shut down active use of the public methods of this <code>Component</code>.
*
* @exception LifecycleException if this component detects a fatal error
* that needs to be reported
*/
public void stop() throws LifecycleException {
// Perform normal superclass finalization
super.stop();
}
}
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