/*
* Copyright 2001-2005 The Apache Software Foundation
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.commons.net.bsd;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.BindException;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.SocketException;
import org.apache.commons.net.io.SocketInputStream;
/***
* RCommandClient is very similar to
* {@link org.apache.commons.net.bsd.RExecClient},
* from which it is derived, and implements the rcmd() facility that
* first appeared in 4.2BSD Unix. rcmd() is the facility used by the rsh
* (rshell) and other commands to execute a command on another machine
* from a trusted host without issuing a password. The trust relationship
* between two machines is established by the contents of a machine's
* /etc/hosts.equiv file and a user's .rhosts file. These files specify
* from which hosts and accounts on those hosts rcmd() requests will be
* accepted. The only additional measure for establishing trust is that
* all client connections must originate from a port between 512 and 1023.
* Consequently, there is an upper limit to the number of rcmd connections
* that can be running simultaneously. The required ports are reserved
* ports on Unix systems, and can only be bound by a
* process running with root permissions (to accomplish this rsh, rlogin,
* and related commands usualy have the suid bit set). Therefore, on a
* Unix system, you will only be able to successfully use the RCommandClient
* class if the process runs as root. However, there is no such restriction
* on Windows95 and some other systems. The security risks are obvious.
* However, when carefully used, rcmd() can be very useful when used behind
* a firewall.
* <p>
* As with virtually all of the client classes in org.apache.commons.net, this
* class derives from SocketClient. But it overrides most of its connection
* methods so that the local Socket will originate from an acceptable
* rshell port. The way to use RCommandClient is to first connect
* to the server, call the {@link #rcommand rcommand() } method,
* and then
* fetch the connection's input, output, and optionally error streams.
* Interaction with the remote command is controlled entirely through the
* I/O streams. Once you have finished processing the streams, you should
* invoke {@link org.apache.commons.net.bsd.RExecClient#disconnect disconnect() }
* to clean up properly.
* <p>
* By default the standard output and standard error streams of the
* remote process are transmitted over the same connection, readable
* from the input stream returned by
* {@link org.apache.commons.net.bsd.RExecClient#getInputStream getInputStream() }
* . However, it is
* possible to tell the rshd daemon to return the standard error
* stream over a separate connection, readable from the input stream
* returned by {@link org.apache.commons.net.bsd.RExecClient#getErrorStream getErrorStream() }
* . You
* can specify that a separate connection should be created for standard
* error by setting the boolean <code> separateErrorStream </code>
* parameter of {@link #rcommand rcommand() } to <code> true </code>.
* The standard input of the remote process can be written to through
* the output stream returned by
* {@link org.apache.commons.net.bsd.RExecClient#getOutputStream getOutputStream() }
* .
* <p>
* <p>
* @author Daniel F. Savarese
* @see org.apache.commons.net.SocketClient
* @see RExecClient
* @see RLoginClient
***/
public class RCommandClient extends RExecClient
{
/***
* The default rshell port. Set to 514 in BSD Unix.
***/
public static final int DEFAULT_PORT = 514;
/***
* The smallest port number an rcmd client may use. By BSD convention
* this number is 512.
***/
public static final int MIN_CLIENT_PORT = 512;
/***
* The largest port number an rcmd client may use. By BSD convention
* this number is 1023.
***/
public static final int MAX_CLIENT_PORT = 1023;
// Overrides method in RExecClient in order to implement proper
// port number limitations.
InputStream _createErrorStream() throws IOException
{
int localPort;
ServerSocket server;
Socket socket;
localPort = MAX_CLIENT_PORT;
server = null; // Keep compiler from barfing
for (localPort = MAX_CLIENT_PORT; localPort >= MIN_CLIENT_PORT; --localPort)
{
try
{
server = _socketFactory_.createServerSocket(localPort, 1,
getLocalAddress());
}
catch (SocketException e)
{
continue;
}
break;
}
if (localPort < MIN_CLIENT_PORT)
throw new BindException("All ports in use.");
_output_.write(Integer.toString(server.getLocalPort()).getBytes());
_output_.write('\0');
_output_.flush();
socket = server.accept();
server.close();
if (isRemoteVerificationEnabled() && !verifyRemote(socket))
{
socket.close();
throw new IOException(
"Security violation: unexpected connection attempt by " +
socket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress());
}
return (new SocketInputStream(socket, socket.getInputStream()));
}
/***
* The default RCommandClient constructor. Initializes the
* default port to <code> DEFAULT_PORT </code>.
***/
public RCommandClient()
{
setDefaultPort(DEFAULT_PORT);
}
/***
* Opens a Socket connected to a remote host at the specified port and
* originating from the specified local address using a port in a range
* acceptable to the BSD rshell daemon.
* Before returning, {@link org.apache.commons.net.SocketClient#_connectAction_ _connectAction_() }
* is called to perform connection initialization actions.
* <p>
* @param host The remote host.
* @param port The port to connect to on the remote host.
* @param localAddr The local address to use.
* @exception SocketException If the socket timeout could not be set.
* @exception BindException If all acceptable rshell ports are in use.
* @exception IOException If the socket could not be opened. In most
* cases you will only want to catch IOException since SocketException is
* derived from it.
***/
public void connect(InetAddress host, int port, InetAddress localAddr)
throws SocketException, BindException, IOException
{
int localPort;
localPort = MAX_CLIENT_PORT;
for (localPort = MAX_CLIENT_PORT; localPort >= MIN_CLIENT_PORT; --localPort)
{
try
{
_socket_ =
_socketFactory_.createSocket(host, port, localAddr, localPort);
}
catch (SocketException e)
{
continue;
}
break;
}
if (localPort < MIN_CLIENT_PORT)
throw new BindException("All ports in use or insufficient permssion.");
_connectAction_();
}
/***
* Opens a Socket connected to a remote host at the specified port and
* originating from the current host at a port in a range acceptable
* to the BSD rshell daemon.
* Before returning, {@link org.apache.commons.net.SocketClient#_connectAction_ _connectAction_() }
* is called to perform connection initialization actions.
* <p>
* @param host The remote host.
* @param port The port to connect to on the remote host.
* @exception SocketException If the socket timeout could not be set.
* @exception BindException If all acceptable rshell ports are in use.
* @exception IOException If the socket could not be opened. In most
* cases you will only want to catch IOException since SocketException is
* derived from it.
***/
public void connect(InetAddress host, int port)
throws SocketException, IOException
{
connect(host, port, InetAddress.getLocalHost());
}
/***
* Opens a Socket connected to a remote host at the specified port and
* originating from the current host at a port in a range acceptable
* to the BSD rshell daemon.
* Before returning, {@link org.apache.commons.net.SocketClient#_connectAction_ _connectAction_() }
* is called to perform connection initialization actions.
* <p>
* @param hostname The name of the remote host.
* @param port The port to connect to on the remote host.
* @exception SocketException If the socket timeout could not be set.
* @exception BindException If all acceptable rshell ports are in use.
* @exception IOException If the socket could not be opened. In most
* cases you will only want to catch IOException since SocketException is
* derived from it.
* @exception UnknownHostException If the hostname cannot be resolved.
***/
public void connect(String hostname, int port)
throws SocketException, IOException
{
connect(InetAddress.getByName(hostname), port, InetAddress.getLocalHost());
}
/***
* Opens a Socket connected to a remote host at the specified port and
* originating from the specified local address using a port in a range
* acceptable to the BSD rshell daemon.
* Before returning, {@link org.apache.commons.net.SocketClient#_connectAction_ _connectAction_() }
* is called to perform connection initialization actions.
* <p>
* @param hostname The remote host.
* @param port The port to connect to on the remote host.
* @param localAddr The local address to use.
* @exception SocketException If the socket timeout could not be set.
* @exception BindException If all acceptable rshell ports are in use.
* @exception IOException If the socket could not be opened. In most
* cases you will only want to catch IOException since SocketException is
* derived from it.
***/
public void connect(String hostname, int port, InetAddress localAddr)
throws SocketException, IOException
{
connect(InetAddress.getByName(hostname), port, localAddr);
}
/***
* Opens a Socket connected to a remote host at the specified port and
* originating from the specified local address and port. The
* local port must lie between <code> MIN_CLIENT_PORT </code> and
* <code> MAX_CLIENT_PORT </code> or an IllegalArgumentException will
* be thrown.
* Before returning, {@link org.apache.commons.net.SocketClient#_connectAction_ _connectAction_() }
* is called to perform connection initialization actions.
* <p>
* @param host The remote host.
* @param port The port to connect to on the remote host.
* @param localAddr The local address to use.
* @param localPort The local port to use.
* @exception SocketException If the socket timeout could not be set.
* @exception IOException If the socket could not be opened. In most
* cases you will only want to catch IOException since SocketException is
* derived from it.
* @exception IllegalArgumentException If an invalid local port number
* is specified.
***/
public void connect(InetAddress host, int port,
InetAddress localAddr, int localPort)
throws SocketException, IOException, IllegalArgumentException
{
if (localPort < MIN_CLIENT_PORT || localPort > MAX_CLIENT_PORT)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid port number " + localPort);
super.connect(host, port, localAddr, localPort);
}
/***
* Opens a Socket connected to a remote host at the specified port and
* originating from the specified local address and port. The
* local port must lie between <code> MIN_CLIENT_PORT </code> and
* <code> MAX_CLIENT_PORT </code> or an IllegalArgumentException will
* be thrown.
* Before returning, {@link org.apache.commons.net.SocketClient#_connectAction_ _connectAction_() }
* is called to perform connection initialization actions.
* <p>
* @param hostname The name of the remote host.
* @param port The port to connect to on the remote host.
* @param localAddr The local address to use.
* @param localPort The local port to use.
* @exception SocketException If the socket timeout could not be set.
* @exception IOException If the socket could not be opened. In most
* cases you will only want to catch IOException since SocketException is
* derived from it.
* @exception UnknownHostException If the hostname cannot be resolved.
* @exception IllegalArgumentException If an invalid local port number
* is specified.
***/
public void connect(String hostname, int port,
InetAddress localAddr, int localPort)
throws SocketException, IOException, IllegalArgumentException
{
if (localPort < MIN_CLIENT_PORT || localPort > MAX_CLIENT_PORT)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid port number " + localPort);
super.connect(hostname, port, localAddr, localPort);
}
/***
* Remotely executes a command through the rshd daemon on the server
* to which the RCommandClient is connected. After calling this method,
* you may interact with the remote process through its standard input,
* output, and error streams. You will typically be able to detect
* the termination of the remote process after reaching end of file
* on its standard output (accessible through
* {@link #getInputStream getInputStream() }. Disconnecting
* from the server or closing the process streams before reaching
* end of file will not necessarily terminate the remote process.
* <p>
* If a separate error stream is requested, the remote server will
* connect to a local socket opened by RCommandClient, providing an
* independent stream through which standard error will be transmitted.
* The local socket must originate from a secure port (512 - 1023),
* and rcommand() ensures that this will be so.
* RCommandClient will also do a simple security check when it accepts a
* connection for this error stream. If the connection does not originate
* from the remote server, an IOException will be thrown. This serves as
* a simple protection against possible hijacking of the error stream by
* an attacker monitoring the rexec() negotiation. You may disable this
* behavior with
* {@link org.apache.commons.net.bsd.RExecClient#setRemoteVerificationEnabled setRemoteVerificationEnabled()}
* .
* <p>
* @param localUsername The user account on the local machine that is
* requesting the command execution.
* @param remoteUsername The account name on the server through which to
* execute the command.
* @param command The command, including any arguments, to execute.
* @param separateErrorStream True if you would like the standard error
* to be transmitted through a different stream than standard output.
* False if not.
* @exception IOException If the rcommand() attempt fails. The exception
* will contain a message indicating the nature of the failure.
***/
public void rcommand(String localUsername, String remoteUsername,
String command, boolean separateErrorStream)
throws IOException
{
rexec(localUsername, remoteUsername, command, separateErrorStream);
}
/***
* Same as
* <code> rcommand(localUsername, remoteUsername, command, false); </code>
***/
public void rcommand(String localUsername, String remoteUsername,
String command)
throws IOException
{
rcommand(localUsername, remoteUsername, command, false);
}
}
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