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Format.javaAPI DocJava SE 6 API15711Tue Jun 10 00:25:52 BST 2008java.text

Format

public abstract class Format extends Object implements Serializable, Cloneable
Format is an abstract base class for formatting locale-sensitive information such as dates, messages, and numbers.

Format defines the programming interface for formatting locale-sensitive objects into Strings (the format method) and for parsing Strings back into objects (the parseObject method).

Generally, a format's parseObject method must be able to parse any string formatted by its format method. However, there may be exceptional cases where this is not possible. For example, a format method might create two adjacent integer numbers with no separator in between, and in this case the parseObject could not tell which digits belong to which number.

Subclassing

The Java Platform provides three specialized subclasses of Format-- DateFormat, MessageFormat, and NumberFormat--for formatting dates, messages, and numbers, respectively.

Concrete subclasses must implement three methods:

  1. format(Object obj, StringBuffer toAppendTo, FieldPosition pos)
  2. formatToCharacterIterator(Object obj)
  3. parseObject(String source, ParsePosition pos)
These general methods allow polymorphic parsing and formatting of objects and are used, for example, by MessageFormat. Subclasses often also provide additional format methods for specific input types as well as parse methods for specific result types. Any parse method that does not take a ParsePosition argument should throw ParseException when no text in the required format is at the beginning of the input text.

Most subclasses will also implement the following factory methods:

  1. getInstance for getting a useful format object appropriate for the current locale
  2. getInstance(Locale) for getting a useful format object appropriate for the specified locale
In addition, some subclasses may also implement other getXxxxInstance methods for more specialized control. For example, the NumberFormat class provides getPercentInstance and getCurrencyInstance methods for getting specialized number formatters.

Subclasses of Format that allow programmers to create objects for locales (with getInstance(Locale) for example) must also implement the following class method:

public static Locale[] getAvailableLocales()

And finally subclasses may define a set of constants to identify the various fields in the formatted output. These constants are used to create a FieldPosition object which identifies what information is contained in the field and its position in the formatted result. These constants should be named item_FIELD where item identifies the field. For examples of these constants, see ERA_FIELD and its friends in {@link DateFormat}.

Synchronization

Formats are generally not synchronized. It is recommended to create separate format instances for each thread. If multiple threads access a format concurrently, it must be synchronized externally.

see
java.text.ParsePosition
see
java.text.FieldPosition
see
java.text.NumberFormat
see
java.text.DateFormat
see
java.text.MessageFormat
version
1.37, 12/03/05
author
Mark Davis

Fields Summary
private static final long
serialVersionUID
Constructors Summary
protected Format()
Sole constructor. (For invocation by subclass constructors, typically implicit.)


                   
      
    
Methods Summary
public java.lang.Objectclone()
Creates and returns a copy of this object.

return
a clone of this instance.

        try {
            return super.clone();
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            // will never happen
            return null;
        }
    
java.text.AttributedCharacterIteratorcreateAttributedCharacterIterator(java.lang.String string, java.text.AttributedCharacterIterator$Attribute key, java.lang.Object value)
Returns an AttributedCharacterIterator with the String string and additional key/value pair key, value.

param
string String to create AttributedCharacterIterator from
param
key Key for AttributedCharacterIterator
param
value Value associated with key in AttributedCharacterIterator
return
AttributedCharacterIterator wrapping args

        AttributedString as = new AttributedString(string);

        as.addAttribute(key, value);
        return as.getIterator();
    
java.text.AttributedCharacterIteratorcreateAttributedCharacterIterator(java.text.AttributedCharacterIterator iterator, java.text.AttributedCharacterIterator$Attribute key, java.lang.Object value)
Creates an AttributedCharacterIterator with the contents of iterator and the additional attribute key value.

param
iterator Initial AttributedCharacterIterator to add arg to
param
key Key for AttributedCharacterIterator
param
value Value associated with key in AttributedCharacterIterator
return
AttributedCharacterIterator wrapping args

	AttributedString as = new AttributedString(iterator);

	as.addAttribute(key, value);
	return as.getIterator();
    
java.text.AttributedCharacterIteratorcreateAttributedCharacterIterator(java.lang.String s)
Creates an AttributedCharacterIterator for the String s.

param
s String to create AttributedCharacterIterator from
return
AttributedCharacterIterator wrapping s

	AttributedString as = new AttributedString(s);

	return as.getIterator();
    
java.text.AttributedCharacterIteratorcreateAttributedCharacterIterator(java.text.AttributedCharacterIterator[] iterators)
Creates an AttributedCharacterIterator containg the concatenated contents of the passed in AttributedCharacterIterators.

param
iterators AttributedCharacterIterators used to create resulting AttributedCharacterIterators
return
AttributedCharacterIterator wrapping passed in AttributedCharacterIterators

        AttributedString as = new AttributedString(iterators);

        return as.getIterator();
    
public final java.lang.Stringformat(java.lang.Object obj)
Formats an object to produce a string. This is equivalent to
{@link #format(Object, StringBuffer, FieldPosition) format}(obj, new StringBuffer(), new FieldPosition(0)).toString();

param
obj The object to format
return
Formatted string.
exception
IllegalArgumentException if the Format cannot format the given object

        return format(obj, new StringBuffer(), new FieldPosition(0)).toString();
    
public abstract java.lang.StringBufferformat(java.lang.Object obj, java.lang.StringBuffer toAppendTo, java.text.FieldPosition pos)
Formats an object and appends the resulting text to a given string buffer. If the pos argument identifies a field used by the format, then its indices are set to the beginning and end of the first such field encountered.

param
obj The object to format
param
toAppendTo where the text is to be appended
param
pos A FieldPosition identifying a field in the formatted text
return
the string buffer passed in as toAppendTo, with formatted text appended
exception
NullPointerException if toAppendTo or pos is null
exception
IllegalArgumentException if the Format cannot format the given object

public java.text.AttributedCharacterIteratorformatToCharacterIterator(java.lang.Object obj)
Formats an Object producing an AttributedCharacterIterator. You can use the returned AttributedCharacterIterator to build the resulting String, as well as to determine information about the resulting String.

Each attribute key of the AttributedCharacterIterator will be of type Field. It is up to each Format implementation to define what the legal values are for each attribute in the AttributedCharacterIterator, but typically the attribute key is also used as the attribute value.

The default implementation creates an AttributedCharacterIterator with no attributes. Subclasses that support fields should override this and create an AttributedCharacterIterator with meaningful attributes.

exception
NullPointerException if obj is null.
exception
IllegalArgumentException when the Format cannot format the given object.
param
obj The object to format
return
AttributedCharacterIterator describing the formatted value.
since
1.4

        return createAttributedCharacterIterator(format(obj));
    
public abstract java.lang.ObjectparseObject(java.lang.String source, java.text.ParsePosition pos)
Parses text from a string to produce an object.

The method attempts to parse text starting at the index given by pos. If parsing succeeds, then the index of pos is updated to the index after the last character used (parsing does not necessarily use all characters up to the end of the string), and the parsed object is returned. The updated pos can be used to indicate the starting point for the next call to this method. If an error occurs, then the index of pos is not changed, the error index of pos is set to the index of the character where the error occurred, and null is returned.

param
source A String, part of which should be parsed.
param
pos A ParsePosition object with index and error index information as described above.
return
An Object parsed from the string. In case of error, returns null.
exception
NullPointerException if pos is null.

public java.lang.ObjectparseObject(java.lang.String source)
Parses text from the beginning of the given string to produce an object. The method may not use the entire text of the given string.

param
source A String whose beginning should be parsed.
return
An Object parsed from the string.
exception
ParseException if the beginning of the specified string cannot be parsed.

        ParsePosition pos = new ParsePosition(0);
        Object result = parseObject(source, pos);
        if (pos.index == 0) {
            throw new ParseException("Format.parseObject(String) failed",
                pos.errorIndex);
        }
        return result;